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Indigenous Rights Struggles in Canada: A Historical Overview

Explore the tumultuous history of Indigenous peoples in Canada, from the White Paper of 1969 to modern-day treaty negotiations and self-government initiatives. Learn about key events like the Oka Crisis and the Nisga’a Treaty, shedding light on the fight for self-determination. Discover the challenges faced by Aboriginal communities and the ongoing pursuit of Indigenous rights and autonomy.

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Indigenous Rights Struggles in Canada: A Historical Overview

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  1. Aboriginal Nations – Part Two

  2. The White Paper of 1969 • Issued by P.M. Pierre Trudeau and Indian Affairs Minister Jean Chretien • Proposed dramatic changes to lives of Aboriginal people

  3. The White Paper of 1969 • Repeal Indian Act • End “special status” • Assimilation • Believed this would lead to fewer problems

  4. The Red Paper • The White Paper was rejected by the aboriginal community • The National Indian Brotherhood issued the Red Paper and demanded Self Government • The right to control their own affairs • In 1971 the “White Paper” was withdrawn http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dyjcS-00Izk

  5. Protests • In the 1990’sthere weregrowing rates of poverty, addiction & suicide on reserves • Land claim negotiations were moving slowly • Protests were organized

  6. Oka, Quebec (1990) • Town officials decided to expand a 9-hole golfcourse • Would impact sacred Mohawk land • Mohawks set up blockadesof major roads for6 months

  7. Oka, Quebec (1990) • Mayor called in provincial police • July 11: officer was killed • Daily violent confrontations occurred • Premier Bourassacalled in Canadian Forces • September: Standoff ended

  8. Oka, Quebec (1990) • Solution = federal gov’t bought land, negotiated transfer to Kanesatake First Nation

  9. Self-government • 1982: Assembly of First Nationswas created • Purpose: to represent Aboriginal peoples in dealings w/ government • Goal: Aboriginal groups becoming responsible for: policing, health care, education Shawn Atleo

  10. Nisga’a Treaty • 1998: Nisga’a of B.C. signed unique treaty w/ federal & provincial gov’ts • Granted self-government • Ownership of land, including all resources, fishing & hunting rights

  11. Nunavut • 1999: creation of new territory – largest treaty negotiated in Canada • Gave Inuit peoplepolitical control • Inuit comprise approx. 84% of the population

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