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Renaissance & Discovery

Renaissance & Discovery. Chapter 10 AP EURO Ms. Callejas-Centeno. Free Response Essay #1. Analyze the influence of humanism on the visual arts in the Italian Renaissance. Use at least 3 specific works to support your analysis (2004). The Renaissance in Italy.

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Renaissance & Discovery

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  1. Renaissance & Discovery Chapter 10 AP EURO Ms. Callejas-Centeno

  2. Free Response Essay #1 • Analyze the influence of humanism on the visual arts in the Italian Renaissance. Use at least 3 specific works to support your analysis (2004)

  3. The Renaissance in Italy

  4. At the end of this Section I will be able to… 1. Discuss the most generally accepted definition of the term Renaissance. 2. Discuss the reasons why Florence, Italy was the birthplace of the Renaissance. 3. Demonstrate an understanding of Humanism, and explain the features of the concept. 4. Analyze the excerpt of Nicolo Machiavelli’s The Prince. 5. Exhibit an understanding of the ideal Renaissance man and woman according to Baldasare Castiglione.

  5. What is the Renaissance? • An age of Recovery • A transition from Medieval to EarlyModern • “Re-birth” of Art & Culture • Began in Italy, Spread throughout Europe

  6. The Renaissance Began In… • Florence, Italy • 1300-1600

  7. Italian City - States • Independent Principalities: • 1. Milan • 2. Papal States • 3. Kingdom of Naples • 4. Venice • 5. Florence • 6. Genoa

  8. Urban Centers • By the 1300’s • Florence, Venice, and Milan all had populations of 100,000 people

  9. Location! Location! Location! • Geography gave Italian city states: • Cultural / Commercial advantage • International trade • 13th-14th Centuries: Trade rich cities becamewealthy“city states”

  10. Why Florence, Italy? • 1. Textile Industry • Florentine Luxury cloth traded throughout Europe & Asia • Employed 30,000 workers

  11. Why Florence, Italy? • 2. Agriculture • In River valleys of Tuscany & Lombardy • Production of grains, wine, vegetables • Agricultural surplus

  12. Why Florence, Italy? • 3. Geographic Location • Proximity to Mediterranean trade routes/International trade • Most prosperous & Wealthy City State • 5th largest city in Europe by mid 1350’s

  13. What is Humanism? A personal attitude towards life & learning Features of Humanism: 1. Obsession with Classical Antiquity 2. Individualism (celebration of the individual) Virtu- the ability to make an impact in one’s chosen field of Endeavour. 3. Secularism- people and objects in the world are important

  14. Features of Humanism • 1. A Revival of Classical Antiquity • Re-discovery of Greek & Roman art, culture, literature, philosophy

  15. Features of Humanism • 2. Individualism- A Revived Emphasis On Individual Ability • L’uomo Universale “Universal Person” • Capable of achievements in many areas of his life • “well rounded education” • “A celebration of the individual”

  16. Features of Humanism • 3. Secularism- • the secular world (not associated with religion) gained importance • example: artists will produce works of art that are not religious in nature.

  17. The Italian Renaissance Emphasized… • Humanism AnIntellectual Movement • 1. based on the study of the classical works of ancient Greece & Rome • 2. That advocated Studia Humanitatis (Liberal Studies) • 3. & celebrated individual achievements

  18. Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374) “Father of Humanism” Scholar, poet, credited with the re-discovery of classical works.

  19. Humanists Believed In… • A Well rounded liberal arts education • Studia Humanitas– grammar, rhetoric, philosophy, history, poetry • Secular occupations

  20. Therefore, An Ideal “Renaissance Man” Is.. 1. Well educated (studia humanitas) 2. Has “Virtu “ (overachiever) 3. Self Confident Individual 4. Inspired by the “Classics” 5. Religious, but sees beauty in the secular (non-religious)

  21. Social Classes in Florence • 1. Grandi– “old rich” nobles & merchants • 2. Popolo Grosso – “fat people” newly rich merchant class (bankers, capitalists) 5% of population

  22. Social Classes in Florence • 3. Middle Burgher/Mediocri– shop owners, professionals, guild masters, artisans • 4. Popolo minuto – “little people” lower economic classes

  23. Social Inequality in Florence • 1378 Ciompi Revolt (“the wooden shoes”) • Peasants “Popolo minuto “ rebelled against the upper classes • Lower classes ruled Florence for 4 years until…

  24. Cosimo de’ Medici • Gained control of Florence (1434) • Despot – ruled with absolute power • Medici family also known as the “Merchant Princes”

  25. Medici Family Background • Were merchants • Gained wealth Through: • 1. Manufacture & commerce of textiles • 2. Banking • 3. Official Bankers of Catholic Church

  26. How did the de Medici Family Gain Power? • Medici Family used bribery, corruption, intimidation to gain power • Manipulated elections

  27. How did the de Medici Maintain Power? • Amici degli amici (friends of friends) People befriended de Medici’s friends in order to gain status/ belong to “in crowd” • Enemies of the de’ Medici: usedintimidation tactic Brutta Figura • Public humiliation against enemies

  28. Cosimo de Medici, a Patron of the Art • Cosimo de’ Medici Sponsored artists to produce great works of art • To beautify city • For personal collection • Medici Library Fillipo Brunnelleschi (architect)

  29. Cosimo’s Grandson • Lorenzo “the Magnificent” (r. 1478-1492) continued tradition • Paid artists to beautify city • Medici “godfathers of the Renaissance”

  30. Maintaining Power & Social Status in Renaissance Italy • Marriage an alliance of powerful, wealthy families • Marriages reinforced status & power • See Document 2.1: “Marriage Negotiations: The Strozzi, 1464-65”

  31. Duke & Duchess of Urbino, 1472 What does this painting tell us about marriage, wealth, and social status?

  32. Duke & Duchess of Urbino, 1472 • Artist: Piero della Francesca • Federico da Montefeltro & his 2nd wife, Battista • Marriage: he was 35, she 13!!! • Had 7 daughters • She died at 26 at the birth of 7th child.

  33. ABOUT the Duke & Duchess of Urbino, 1472 http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/piero-della-francesca-portraits-of-the-duke-and-duchess-of-urbino.html

  34. Baldassare Castiglioni • Wrote: The Book of the Courtier (1528 ) • A social “handbook” • Depicted social “do’s & do not’s” for nobles

  35. Castiglione’s Ideal “Renaissance Man” Must… • 1. Possess Impeccable character, grace, & noble birth • 2.Cultivate achievements –not hide accomplishments, but be modest. • 3. Have a well rounded Education- arts, music , science, politics,etc. • 4.Participate in the Military – Serve Prince w/ loyalty, honesty

  36. Castiglione’s Ideal “Renaissance Woman” Must… • 1. Be attractive • 2. Be well educated, able to paint, dance, and play a musical instrument • 3. Not participate in political, artistic, or literary affairs (discussions) • 4. Be an “ornament” to her upper class husband • Portrait of a Lady, 1475

  37. Christine de Pisan (1364-1430) • Wrote: The Treasure of the City of Ladies (1405) • a history of women designed to refute men’s myths about females • male scholars debated women’s role in society

  38. Christine de Pizan “Not all men (and especially the wisest) share the opinion that it is bad for women to be educated. But it is very true that many foolish men have claimed this because it displeased them that women knew more than they did.” ― Christine de Pizan, The Book of the City of Ladies, 1405

  39. Niccolo Machiavelli on Maintaining Power • WroteThe Prince (1513) • A manual on how to be an effective ruler, or a political satire? • Dedicated to Lorenzo the Magnificent’s grandson

  40. Niccolo Machiavelli on Maintaining Power -The Prince • Machiavelli’s advice to those in power: • “If you cannot be both loved and feared, then it is better to be feared than loved. “

  41. “Machiavellian” • A term that is used to describe a ruthless ruler.

  42. CH10 Renaissance Art

  43. At the end of this Section I will be able to… 1. Compare and contrast Medieval and Renaissance art. 2. Identify two works of art by : Leonardo da Vinci Raphael Michelangelo and explain the ways humanism influenced each piece.

  44. Describe the Differences… • Medieval Art • Renaissance Art

  45. Characteristics of Renaissance Art • 1. Realistic Figures, 3-D • 2. Has Depth & Perspective • 3. Emotion & Expression • 4. Geometrical / mathematical concepts/ Pyramid configuration • 5. Artists gained recognition & fame

  46. Renaissance Art = Social & Political Status • 1. Art communicated social, political & spiritual values • Features of Humanism • 2. Patrons of Art • Used art to display wealth, power • Funded artists as a way to promote own fame

  47. Renaissance Artists 1. Were inspired by Humanism 2. Tried to depict beauty, truth, nature and goodness 3. Used mathematical principles (proportions created by God) to depict perfection

  48. Giotto (1266-1337) • Father of Renaissance painting • From Florence • Tried to imitate nature (Realistic portrayal) •  Adoration of the Magi, 14th cent.

  49. Masaccio (1401-1428) • Brancacci Chapel painted Frescoes • 1st masterpiece of Renaissance art 

  50. Masaccio (1401-1428)

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