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Egypt: The Kingdoms

Explore the rich history of Ancient Egypt, from the Old Kingdom (2700–2200 BCE) with its pyramids and pharaohs, to the Middle Kingdom (2050–1652 BCE) known as Egypt’s Golden Age. Learn about nomes, tombs, the Hyksos Invasion, and the New Kingdom (1567–1085 BCE) reuniting Upper and Lower Egypt.

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Egypt: The Kingdoms

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  1. Egypt: The Kingdoms Global History Honors: Spiconardi

  2. The Old Kingdom (2700 – 2200 BCE) • Egyptian Culture • Unthreatened by outside invaders • Although Egypt was in contact with lands as far away as Afghanistan and Mesopotamia

  3. The Old Kingdom (2700 – 2200 BCE) • Nomes • Prior to the unification of Egypt under Narmer,Egyptwas divided into nomes • Nomes independent city-states; under unification they were administrative divisions

  4. The Old Kingdom (2700 – 2200 BCE) • The Pharaoh • The rulers of Egypt had various titles • Pharaoh originally referred to the royal palace • The ruler was worshipped by a cult • The ruler was deemed a living god during this period • Had absolute power during the Old Kingdom Djoser, pharaoh of the third dynasty

  5. The Old Kingdom (2700 – 2200 BCE) • Pyramids • Pyramids were only built during the Old Kingdom • First pyramids were step-like The pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara designed by vizier and polymath, Imhotep

  6. The Old Kingdom (2700 – 2200 BCE) • Pyramids • Under Khufu pyramid building took on form you most associate with Egyptian pyramids • Pyramids were costly and very visible • Easy targets for robbers

  7. The Middle Kingdom (2050 – 1652 BCE) • Egypt’s Golden Age • Trade, arts, literature flourished at this time • Egypt built up its army to protect itself from invaders • Pharaoh • Near the end of the Old Kingdom, the pharaoh Pepi II gave away pharaonic power • The pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom wasn’t as powerful, but was expected to be a wise and good ruler

  8. The Middle Kingdom (2050 – 1652 BCE) • Tombs • The rising cost of pyramids and increased robbery led to the development of a new resting place for Egypt’s kings • The Valley of the Kings • Series of hidden tombs to avoid robbery located in Thebes

  9. The Valley of the Kings (discovered tombs)

  10. The Middle Kingdom (2050 – 1652 BCE) • Hyksos Invasion • Marks the end of the Middle Kingdom • Benefits • Improved Egyptian bronze casting • Future pharaohs borrow Hyksos chariot fighting technique • Hyksos preserved papyri of Egyptian medical texts

  11. The New Kingdom (1567 – 1085 BCE) • Reunification • Under Ahmose, the Hyksos were defeated and Upper and Lower Egypt were reunified

  12. The New Kingdom (1567 – 1085 BCE) • Period of Chaos • The Reign of Akhenaten (King Tut’s father) • Changed the Egyptian religion to worship one god, Aten

  13. The New Kingdom (1567 – 1085 BCE) • Invasion of the Hittites, Assyrians and “Sea Peoples” • Constant state of war led to the depletion of the treasury • For the next thousand years Egypt was dominated by • Libyans • Nubians • Persians • Macedonians

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