1 / 53

The Cold War

The Cold War . Journal # 33. What do you know about the Cold War? List as many things as you can. Where did you learn or hear about this information? Review: What is Communism? Why does Communism conflict with democracy? If you need help, look back in your notes. . Essential Questions .

meda
Download Presentation

The Cold War

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Cold War

  2. Journal #33 • What do you know about the Cold War? List as many things as you can. • Where did you learn or hear about this information? • Review: What is Communism? Why does Communism conflict with democracy? If you need help, look back in your notes.

  3. Essential Questions • What was the Cold War? • Why did World War II cause a split between the United States and the Soviet Union?

  4. What is the “Cold” War? • Conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union between 1945-1991 • Why “cold”? • Not fought like a typical war (battles) • Struggle over different political ideologies

  5. How was the Cold War “fought”? • Espionage (spying) • Propaganda • Multinational alliances • Foreign aid to win allies • Brinkmanship: Going to the “brink” (edge) of war • Surrogate wars/proxy wars: Opposing powers use other countries as substitutes for fighting each other directly

  6. Occupied Germany • Three zones under military rule • British, US, Russian • Berlin in the Soviet zone • Berlin divided into four zones: • French (West Berlin) • British (West Berlin) • US (West Berlin) • Soviet (East Berlin)

  7. Divided Germany

  8. Divided Berlin

  9. Yalta and Potsdam • Yalta Conference, 1945: Stalin promises free elections in Eastern Europe • But wants Poland to be a barrier between the USSR and Germany (wants Poland Communist) • By the Potsdam Conference: • Separate “spheres of influence” • Big 3are no longer allies

  10. Creation of the United Nations • Founded in 1945 by 51 countries (now 192) • General Assembly • Security Council • 5 permanent members • US, China, Russia, Great Britain, France • Veto powers • 15 members total • Goal to settle disputes and keep peace

  11. Review of Communism and contrasting US-Soviet goals • Look at the chart on pg. 532. • Which US and Soviet aims in Europe conflicted?

  12. 1946-1948: Beginning of the Cold War • Our Essential Question today: What events occurred post-World War II that increased tensions between the USSR and US? • Causes of the Cold War: • Ideological/social • Political • Economic

  13. For each event, consider: • Is this an example of an American or Soviet escalation (“heating up”) of the Cold War? • Is this a social/ideological, political, or economic cause? Or all three?

  14. Journal #34 • What is a superpower? (there can be multiple answers for this…) • What are some famous superpower countries from history? • Who are the superpower countries today? Why?

  15. Put on the board: • Yalta and Potsdam • Soviet satellite nations • Containment (1947) • Truman Doctrine (1947) • Marshall Plan (1947) • Berlin Blockade and Airlift (1948-49) • NATO and Warsaw Pact • Iron Curtain (1946) • Brinkmanship

  16. Evaluate Based on your findings, who is more to blame—the US or the USSR? Explain. What is the event that had the greatest influence in causing the Cold War and why?

  17. Berlin Airlift • Read and highlight. • Questions: • Why did Halvorsen (“Uncle Wiggly Wings”) drop candy for the children of Berlin? • How do you think the candy bombings (Operation Little Vittles) influenced German attitudes towards the US following World War II?

  18. Iron Curtain • Read and highlight. • Circle any words that are unfamiliar to you. • Questions: • What is the Soviet Union’s goal, according to Churchill? • What does Churchill call for at the end of this excerpt? What recent event does he contrast with this?

  19. Journal #36 • What was the Iron Curtain? • What was the policy of containment? • Take a guess: What do you think the “domino theory” was? • Hint: What do dominoes do? What was the main goal of the US during the Cold War?

  20. Domino Theory • If one country falls to Communism, neighboring countries will too…

  21. 1949: Another domino falls • China becomes Communist! • What were some of the problems with the Qing dynasty? Why did the Kuomintang rebel and establish a democracy? • What did the Japanese do in China during World War II? • Two leaders, two different ideologies:

  22. China’s Two Leaders • Nationalist Leader: Jiang Jieshi (or Chiang Kai-shek) • Communist Leader: Mao Zedong

  23. 1949: Another domino falls • Despite US support for Nationalists, Communists defeat them • New government: People’s Republic of China • Supported by USSR • Nationalists set up their own government on the island of Taiwan • Supported by US

  24. Were your predictions correct? • Communist China: • Land given to peasants • Collective farming and living • All food goes to the government • Propaganda: Cult of Mao • Censorship, no political rights

  25. Communist China • Key terms to look out for in the film: • Collective farms/communes • “The Great Leap Forward” (1958-1961) • Red Guards • The Cultural Revolution (1966-1968)

  26. Journal #37 • What is one similarity you notice between the Communist countries we have learned about so far (Russia and China)?

  27. Cult of Mao: “We must have faith in the masses and we must have faith in the Party.”

  28. Arms race and space race • 1949: USSR gets the bomb • 1952 and 1953: US and USSR create the H-bomb, more powerful than the A-bomb • Brinkmanship • 1957: Soviets create ICBM rocket (intercontinental ballistic missile) and launched Sputnik • 1958: American satellite Explorer • 1960: U-2 spy plane incident

  29. Primary source analysis practice • Step 1: Read the title, author, and intro. • Step 2: Read the questions, especially the long answer question! • Step 3: Highlight or underline: • Main ideas • Answers to the questions • Carefully re-read the sections of the text when you answer the questions!

  30. Journal #38 • Review: Today and tomorrow we will be learning about the Korean and Vietnam Wars. Make a prediction: with what we have learned about Eastern Europe and China, what do you think happens in these countries? Why do you think the US gets involved?

  31. Korea • 1950-1953 • First “hot war” of the Cold War • World War II: • With Japanese surrender, Allies divide Korea at the 38th parallel (dividing the country) • North: Soviet Union, communist • South: United States, democratic

  32. 38th Parallel

  33. Korean War • Both sides wanted to reunify the country • 1950: N. Korea invades S. Korea • US, United Nations fights with the South • China backs the North, sends 300,000 troops • Result: Cease fire and stalemate at the 38th parallel

  34. Textbook Analysis • Why might textbooks from different countries offer different versions of the same historical events? • When textbooks offer conflicting accounts, how do you decide which textbook to believe?

  35. Who started the Korean War? • According to each textbook, how did the war start? • Which textbook do you find more trustworthy? Why? • Where else would you look to find out how the Korean War started? • Which textbook comes from North Korea? Which comes from South Korea? • Compare these textbooks with ours.

  36. North Korea Today • Demilitarized zone • Communist dictator Kim Il Sung and son Kim Jong Il • Development of nuclear weapons

  37. Journal #39 • 1. What did you think of the North Korea travel clips yesterday? • 2. List the divided countries following World War II. • 3. What are problems of divided countries?

  38. Vietnam War • America’s longest war: 1950-1975 • Millions of Vietnamese deaths and 58,000 American deaths

  39. Roots of the conflict • Vietnam a French colony • Ho Chi Minh: Communist revolutionary • 1945: Beginning of fight for Vietnam’s independence

  40. Ho Chi Minh

  41. Result of independence:1954 • Geneva Convention divided Vietnam along the 17th parallel • S. Vietnam: • Anti-communist Ngo Dinh Diem backed by US • Corrupt dictatorship • N. Vietnam: • Communist Ho Chi Minh

  42. War begins 1960 • Northern plan to unify the country • Revolt in the South: • National Liberation Front (NLF) or the Vietcong • Guerilla warfare • Took control of the countryside • Ho Chi Minh Trail: Armies from the North move South

  43. Ho Chi Minh Trail

  44. US involvement • Gulf of Tonkin, 1965: • Justification to go to war (Pres. Johnson) • Stated that N. Vietnamese boats had attacked 2 US destroyers • In fact, it is likely that no attack took place • Obstacles to victory: • Jungle fighting • Tunnels

  45. Results • Anti-war feeling at home • Vietnamization: Giving more responsibility for the fighting to the Vietnamese • Tet Offensive, 1968 • My Lai • US leaves the war in 1974; in 1975 S. Vietnamese gov’t. falls to N. Vietnam

  46. Khmer Rouge and Pol Pot in Cambodia • Communist rebels • Pol Pot murdered 2 million people

  47. “Third World” • Industrialized, capitalist nations: 1st world • Communist nations: 2nd world • Developing nations: 3rd world • Asia, Africa, Latin America, Middle East • “Nonaligned” • Not with either side

  48. Third World Research • Cuba: • Revolution • Missile Crisis • Bay of Pigs • Nicaraguan Civil War • Iranian Revolution • Soviets in Afghanistan

More Related