The New England Colonies

1. The New England Colonies • New Hampshire • Massachusetts • Rhode Island • Connecticut

2. New England Colonies Geographical, Political, Economic, Religious, and Social Aspects

3. New England Colonies “Why is New England, called New England?” • NEW territories of England, the “mother country”

4. Where is New England? • Located in the northeast region of the USA

5. New England Colonies, 1650

6. New England Geography Jagged Coastlines Rocky Soil • Harsh winters • Short growing season Natural Harbors

7. New England Geography Life in the New England colonies was not easy! • subsistence farming- colonists produced just enough food for themselves.

8. New England Economy • Shipbuilding • Lumbering 2,500 trees = 1 ship

9. New England Economy • Whaling and Fishing • Fur Trading

10. Whale Oil Lamp • Whale oil illuminated the homes and businesses of colonial America

11. New England Economy • Three types of trade: • Trade with other colonies • Direct exchange of goods with Europe • Triangular Trade

12. men and women who would work for a specified period of time, usually several years, before gaining their freedom.

13. Dairy cattle, sheep and pigs • courtesy of the Columbian Exchange

14. New England Economy • Colonists made their own clothes and shoes.

15. New England Government • Town meetings- the act of a group of individuals gathering together to make decisions • Colonial Assemblies • Mayflower Compact, 1620 • F.O.C., 1636

16. New England Society • White Protestant society • Puritans • Pilgrims (separatists)

17. Recap Massachusetts • Colony: Plymouth • Founder: William Bradford • Year: 1620 • Reason: Religious freedom for Separatists

18. Separatists • (Pilgrims) wanting to break free from the Anglican Church or the Church of England.

19. Mayflower Compact, 1620 • The first step towards self-government in America.

20. Embarkation of the Pilgrims The prominence of women and children suggests the importance of the family in the community. Painting by Robert W. Weir (1844)

21. Massachusetts Bay Colony ”city upon a hill" • Colony: Massachusetts Bay • Founder: John Winthrop • Year: 1630 • Reason: Religious freedom for Puritans 

22. What is a Puritan? • They wanted to change the Church of England. They did not want to separate from the Church like the Pilgrims. The Puritans wanted to make the Church of England more "pure."

23. Puritan Values • Puritans were demanding of their followers • Strong work ethic • Determination in the face of challenges

24. Rhode Island, 1636 • Founder: Roger Williams • Founding Year: 1636 • Reason for Founding: Religious freedom

25. Connecticut, 1639 “The Constitution State” • Thomas Hooker • Most settlers were Puritans

26. “Journeying through the Wilderness from Plymouth to Hartford, in 1636”- Frederic Edwin Church

27. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639 • The first written constitution in America.

28. Population of the New England Colonies

29. The Bigger Ideas • Each settlement is for a specific belief.

30. Checking for Understanding • What was the motivation, or reason, behind the development of the New England, colonies? • Profit and Trade • Religious Freedom • To find a Northwest Passage • None of the above BReligious Freedom

31. True or False • Disagreements over religious beliefs led to the formation of a number of new colonies. True

32. True or False • Roger Williams founded the colony of Connecticut False

33. True or False • The Protestant work ethic was important in all New England colonies. True

34. True or False • The economy of the American colonies depended on the geography of the region. True

35. The Middle Colonies Delaware New Jersey Pennsylvania New York Also known as the Mid-Atlantic Colonies

36. Mid-Atlantic Geography Rivers Fertile Soil • Atlantic Coast • Longer growing season

37. Mid-Atlantic Economy Diversified- having a variety • Industry • Ironworks • Shipbuilding Iron Ore Colonial Nails

38. Mid-Atlantic Economy Bread Basket Colonies Rye Wheat Oats Barley

39. Mid-Atlantic Economy • New York City and Philadelphia became important ports for trading.

40. Mid-Atlantic Society • Ethnically and religiously diverse Ethnic- large groups of people classed according to common racial, national, religious, linguistic, or cultural background Diverse- made up of distinct characteristics, qualities, or elements

41. Mid-Atlantic Society • People from: • Sweden • England • the Netherlands • France • Germany

42. Mid-Atlantic Society Religious Groups • Puritans • Quakers • Anglicans • Baptists • Catholics • Jews Religious Tolerance

43. Who were the Quakers? Quakers- Protestant branch in England The Quakers could not worship in England because they did not follow the Church of England.

44. Many Quakers were sent to jail for not going to the Church of England.

45. Quaker Beliefs • Wouldn’t swear or take oaths • No clergy • Men and Women are equal • Pacifists • Treated Indians fairly • Against slavery

46. Religious Freedom and Tolerance Freedom of the Press Strong Courts Middle Colonies Government owned and controlled by one or more persons • Proprietary colony-

47. New York • Founder: • Year: • Reason for establishment:

49. Pennsylvania • Founder: William Penn • Year: • Reason for establishment:

50. William Penn • Member of the Quakers • Founded Pennsylvania