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4.1 Earth’s Formation

4.1 Earth’s Formation. DAHS Mr. Sweet. Objectives. Explain how most scientists explain the formation of our solar system. Describe Earth’s size and shape and the arrangement of its layers. List three sources of Earth’s internal heat. Describe Earth’s magnetic field. Nebular Hypothesis.

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4.1 Earth’s Formation

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  1. 4.1 Earth’s Formation DAHS Mr. Sweet

  2. Objectives • Explain how most scientists explain the formation of our solar system. • Describe Earth’s size and shape and the arrangement of its layers. • List three sources of Earth’s internal heat. • Describe Earth’s magnetic field.

  3. Nebular Hypothesis • Most widely accepted model for solar system formation • 4.6 billion years ago • Cloud of gas and dust rotating in space • Shrank due to pull of gravity, spinning faster • Material collected at center and became hot. • Hydrogen fusion began creating our sun.

  4. Planetismals • Frictional, electromagnetic, and gravitational forces formed solid particles of ice and rock. • Eventually formed planets and moons.

  5. Oblate Spheroid • A sphere that bulges in the center. • Shape of Earth. • Proof • Measuring the weight of object at several places on Earth. • 195 Newtons at Poles and 194 Newtons at equator.

  6. Earth’s Measurements • Total surface area • 510 million square km • 55 continental USA’s • 149 million square km is above sea level • Ocean covers 361 million square km • 29% dry, 71% wet

  7. Original Earth • Looked like the moon • Same material all the way thru • Collisions created heat • Heat melted iron and nickel • Denser material moved to the center and lighter materials to the surface

  8. Layers Of Earth • Inner Core • Outer Core • Mantle • Lithosphere • Asthenosphere • Crust

  9. Inner Core • Solid iron and nickel

  10. Outer Core • Surrounds the inner core • Composed of liquid iron and nickel

  11. Mantle • Thickest of Earth’s layers • Iron, Silicon, and magnesium • Solid • High pressure and temperatures cause it to behave as a liquid.

  12. Crust • Thin, rigid layer • Lighter rocks

  13. Others • Lithosphere • Crust and uppermost mantle • More rigid material • Asthenosphere • Slushlike layer of mantle • Lithosphere floats on top • Cause of plate tectonics

  14. Earth’s Heat • Meteorite impacts • Compression of Earth’s interior • Decay of radioactive isotopes • Slowly losing heat • Differences in rock, crust thickness, and radioactive rock

  15. Temperature At Depth • Above 70 feet temperature remains constant year round • Below 70 feet temperature rises 1o Celcius every 40 meters

  16. Magnetic Field • North Pole is the positive pole • South Pole is the negative pole • Tilted 11O away from the poles • Hypothesized that the fluid outer core creates the magnetic field • Iron moves through and electric field creating another electric field

  17. Section Review 4.1 • Page 74 Numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4

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