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Learn about the factors that led to World War I, including militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism, and the sequence of events that triggered the war, such as the assassination of Francis Ferdinand and the involvement of major powers. Explore the impact of the election of 1916 and the US entry into WWI.
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Factors that led to War… Militarism • glorification of war and the military Alliances • Germany+Italy+Austria= Triple Alliance • G.B+France+Russia= Triple Entente Imperialism • countries competing for colonies Nationalism • Serbia vs. Austria-Hungary
The Balkans • Serbia becomes a “protectorate” of Austria-Hungary • Serbian Nationalists wanted Serbia to be completely independent • Russia supported Serbian independence • Germany supported Austria-Hungary
Sequence of events Assassination of Francis Ferdinand (June 28, 1914) Austria wants Serbia to meet certain demands (knew that they couldn’t) Serbia doesn’t accept terms Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28, 1914)
Sequence of events Germany supports Austria Russia defends Serbia Germany declares war on Russia and then France Germany attacks France through Belgium
Sequence of events Great Britain declares war (August 4, 1914) Japan declares war
Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Allied Powers Great Britain France Russia Serbia Belgium Japan TAKING SIDES
US Entry into WWI • Neutrality Rights at sea • Unarmed merchant ships sunk by Germans. • Sussex Pledge • Jan. 1917 Germany announces resumption of “unrestricted submarine warfare” • Zimmerman Telegram • Mar. 1917 • Russia Overthrows the Czar • Germany sinks 5 unarmed U. S. Merchant ships • Allies owe American Bankers $2.3 billionwhere Central powers owe only $2.7 million 11
What were they thinking? • None of the European countries were ready for what was ahead: • thought that the war would be over by Christmas • no country had more than 6 months worth of supplies