Higher RMPS World Religions: Buddhism

1. Higher RMPSWorld Religions: Buddhism Introduction to Buddhism The Life of the Buddha

2. Siddhartha Gautama • Siddhartha Gautama is the name of the man who became the Buddha • He lived in northern India 2500 years ago • He was born in Lumbini which is in modern day Nepal • He spent 45 years travelling and teaching • He passed away at the age of 80 in Kusinara less than 200km from where he was born

3. Birth of the Buddha • According to the story: • Queen Maya’s pregnancy lasted 10 months (which is apparently) normal for enlightened beings • She had no pain in child birth • She gave birth standing up • The baby emerged from her right side with no blood or water • As soon as he was born Siddartha was able to walk and talk • Lotus blossoms appeared in his footsteps, he declared that this would be his last rebirth • He was given the name Siddhartha which means ‘fulfilment of wishes’

4. Visit from Asita After his birth the renowned holy man Asita visited the palace, he said that Siddhartha would become a great leader like his father or a homeless holy man depending on how much suffering he saw

5. A Life of Indulgence • The prophecy of Asita determined how his father brought him up • All suffering was kept hidden from Siddhartha • All possible comforts were provided for him • He was given 3 palaces, one for each season • He was surrounded by parks, gardens, music and beautiful young attendants • At 16 he married the beautiful Yashodhara • They had a baby son whom they named Rahula • It seemed Siddhartha had everything anyone could want

6. Leaving the Palace: Going Forth • Siddhartha wanted to see the world outside the palace, he went with his chariot driver Channa • His father had arranged for him to follow a specific route on which all suffering had been removed • Young healthy people lined the route that Siddhartha was supposed to take • He came across an old man at the side of the road, he had no teeth, white hair, his legs were so weak that he needed a stick

7. The First Sight: Old Age Siddhartha was shocked by his first sight of old age and asked Channa what was wrong with the man; Channa replied that “he is old; old age comes to everyone, it destroys youth and beauty.”

8. The Second Sight: Sickness • The second time he left the palace he saw a very sick person, not knowing what was wrong he asked Channa who explained that sickness would happen to everyone at some point in their lives.

9. The Third Sight: Death • The next time he left the palace he saw a dead body being carried to the cremation ground, never having seen death he asked Channa, who replied “Death is the end of life which no one can escape” Siddhartha was deeply saddened by this.

10. The Fourth Sight: A holy man (Sadhu) • On his final journey out of the palace Siddhartha saw a homeless holy man • He owned nothing but his begging bowl • He told Siddhartha that he was seeking the Truth and had given up all worldly pleasures • He was happier than he had ever been • Siddhartha was inspired by this man • He wanted to find a way to be happy

11. In search of the answer • Why do people suffer and is there any way to overcome it? These were the questions that Siddhartha was now asking. • He was so affected by suffering that he could no longer live a life of luxury, so he escaped from the palace, while everyone slept. • He cut off his hair as a symbol of renunciation and practiced meditation with 2 masters for a number of years but still had no answer to his questions.

12. Asceticism • On giving up meditation Siddhartha decided to try something else to help him find answers • He found 5 ascetics in the forest and spent a number of years with them • He practiced an extreme form of body mortification known as asceticism • He fasted, held his breath for long periods of time, sit in the burning sun all day or bathe in ice cold water • He became very weak from lack of food and realised that he would die if he did not eat

13. The Middle Way • Siddhartha accepted some food from a village girl and gave up this extreme way of life • He decided to practice a middle way; a life between the two extremes • The extremes had not brought him any closer to the answers • He had experienced life in the palace, indulgence and life as an ascetic and neither had worked • He decided that the only way to live was to live a balanced life between the two extremes

14. The Enlightenment • Siddhartha decided that meditation was the only way to uncover the truth • While meditating under a bodi tree he was tempted by Mara • Mara is the demon which represents sensual desire and death, he corrupts the mind • Mara used fear to distract Siddhartha and then he used his daughters to seduce him • Nothing worked, Mara failed and fled • Siddhartha experienced unimaginable joy and an awakening known as the enlightenment

15. The First Turning of the Wheel of Dhamma • The Buddha's first teaching was the Deer Park Sermon and is sometimes called the first turning of the Wheel of Dhamma • He taught the five ascetics who were his former companions. • The Buddha advised them to give up two extremes. Indulgence in sensual pleasures and the tormenting of the body and to follow the Middle Way. • The Buddha then taught the Four Noble Truths. • The Buddha said that he was enlightened only after he understood these Four Noble Truths.

16. Task:Draw a cartoon of the key points in the life of the Buddha