UNIT 4 HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AOS 2

UNIT 4 HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AOS 2 Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries

UNIT 4 HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT OUTCOME 2: ‘Promoting global health and human development’. • Key Knowledge: • ‘Programs focussing on literacy, food security, HIV/AIDS and malaria, safe water and sanitation in terms of: • Reasons for the programs • Types of aid involved in the programs • Implementation of the programs • Key Skills: • ‘interpret and analyse data’. • ‘analyse and evaluate aid programs in terms of their contribution to health and sustainable human development.’

Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries • There are many reasons behind the major causes of morbidity and mortality within developing countries including: • Lack of access to education • Insufficient quantities of food and poor nutritional intake • Lack of access to health services and preventative medications • Lack of water supply or poor water quality • Inadequate removal of human wastes

Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries • In order to improve the health status of populations within developing countries, programs that focus on literacy, food security, infectious diseases such as HIV and malaria, and water and sanitation are important for addressing some of the key health issues in developing countries.

Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries - LITERACY • LITERATE – means to be able to read and write. • ILLITERATE – UNable to read or write. • There are 781 million ILLITERATE adults worldwide; two-thirds of them are WOMEN. • In developing countries, 75% of children not attending primary school have UNEDUCATED mothers (UN Girls’ Education Initiative, Fact Sheet 2006)

Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries - LITERACY • There are many benefits of education, including:

Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries - LITERACY

Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries - LITERACY Half a million textbooks for PNG primary schools (www.ausaid.gov.au/hottopics/topic.cfm?ID=1105_4415_5433_2927_827) Twenty shipping containers holding 539,000 primary school textbooks have arrived in Papua New Guinea.The textbooks, funded by the Australian Government, were selected by PNG Department of Education primary curriculum officers and are destined for PNG’s more-than 3,400 primary schools and eight teacher colleges.The containers arrived on two ships, one unloading its precious cargo in Lae and the other in Port Moresby.From here the books will be sorted, with each primary and community school in the country receiving a set of 159 books.'This is a massive logistical operation,' said Acting head of AusAID in PNG, Robin Scott-Charlton.'Getting the books to PNG is the easy part. From Lae and Port Moresby the books will be broken into smaller amounts and sent to every provincial capital from where they will be distributed to all primary and community schools in each province.'Ms Scott-Charlton said the textbook program was a good example of the partnership between Australia and PNG working towards better development outcomes in PNG.'These textbooks are a part of the joint commitment between our two countries to increase PNG’s net primary enrolment rate to seventy per cent by 2015, a figure that will see an extra 300,000 children in school.'The acting Secretary for PNG’s Department of Education, Luke Taita, said that getting more children into school was not just a matter of increasing student numbers.'This has to be supported by a range of other activities such as ensuring the availability of appropriate teaching resources,' said the Acting Secretary.'These books will have a significant impact, focusing on the core subjects of maths, science and language. This will be particularly important in many of the smaller and more isolated schools where teaching resources are often scarce.'The delivery of books to schools is likely to be completed by the middle of the year.The packs contain maths, science and language texts for grades 6, 7 and 8. Papua New Guinea Improving education in developing countriesLast reviewed: 1 April 2010

Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries - LITERACY In order to analyse and evaluate this aid program in terms of its contribution to health and sustainable human development, lets look at the categories within the summary table below:

Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries - LITERACY

Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries - LITERACY • Now for homework, complete your summary table for ‘Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries’ for the 2nd program focussing on LITERACY – ‘CARE Australia’s Help Her Learn program’ (www.careaustralia.org.au/Page.aspx?pid=687)

Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries – FOOD SECURITY • Although there is enough food in the world to feed all individuals it is NOT evenly distributed. • Over 50% of the world’s population live in LOW income countries that: • Don’t produce ENOUGH food, or • Don’t import the required amounts to ADEQUATELY feed their populations.

Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries – FOOD SECURITY Food Security = ‘The state in which all persons obtain nutritionally adequate, culturally appropriate, safe food regularly through local, non-emergency sources.’ (VicHealth, 2008) • This means that all people have consistent access to the QUANTITY and QUALITY of food required to meet their physical needs. • Food security exists when ‘all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life’ (World Food Summit, 1996). • During times of food shortage, ensuring food security becomes difficult – wealthy people may still be able to access food, the poor generally cannot. • Limited income means individuals are unlikely to be able to purchase enough food to meet their own nutritional needs, let alone enough to meet their family’s nutritional needs.

Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries – FOOD SECURITY • Apart from access to the quantity of food, people (carers) also need to have an understanding of the importance of nutrition in order to meet the nutritional needs of family members. • Lack of food  malnutrition and  immunity to infectious diseases. Therefore resulting in  LE. • Chn without access to adequate nutrition tend to be smaller in height, weigh  and are less likely to be able to perform physical tasks.

Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries – FOOD SECURITY • Lack of adequate nutrition can also  an individual’s intellectual capabilities. • This can lead to an individual not developing the intellectual skills required for employment in later life or develop the skills to access knowledge that will assist them in understanding the importance of health-related factors (eg: nutrition, symptoms of disease, hygiene etc) • This can therefore  an individual’s ability to achieve SHD, which then impacts on a countries HDI.

Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries – FOOD SECURITY • Factors contributing to Food Insecurity

Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries – FOOD SECURITY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaWz_8vW6EM AUSTRALIAN AID ARRIVES IN PAKISTAN (AUSAID – YOU TUBE)

Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries – FOOD SECURITY • Read press release: ‘World Vision begins aid deliveries in Pakistan’. • In order to analyse and evaluate this aid program in terms of its contribution to health and sustainable human development, lets look at the categories within the summary table below:

Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries – FOOD SECURTITY

Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries – FOOD SECURTITY • Now, complete your summary table for ‘Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries’ for the 2nd program focusing on ‘FOOD SECURITY’ – AusAID’s program ‘New ideas yield food security in Africa’

Programs addressing key health issues in developing countries – SAFE WATER / SANITATION • Water is ESSENTIAL for life – required for drinking, cooking, bathing and sanitation. • Lack of access to clean water is a serious issue for many developing countries. It’s estimated that at any one time, about 50% of people in developing countries are suffering from diseases or illnesses that are associated with water.

UNIT 4 HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AOS 2