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Europe in World War I: Historical Overview and Impact on Global Dynamics

Europe in World War I: A detailed historical context of the war that reshaped the global landscape. Explore the political tensions, alliances, and actions of key nations during the conflict. Understand how the war transformed societies and power dynamics worldwide, leaving lasting consequences in its wake.

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Europe in World War I: Historical Overview and Impact on Global Dynamics

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  1. World War I

  2. Historical Context • Europe was a number of sovereign nation-states, but culturally very unified • Similar food, clothing, arts and entertainment, architecture • Most nation-states were monarchies of some kind; only France and Portugal were republics

  3. Germany, France, and Britain dominated the world: • Controlled about 80% of the world’s inhabited surface • Possessed half of the world’s industrial might • Merchants controlled half the world’s international trade • National groups expressed their nationalism loudly • Poles, Ukrainians, Croatians, Serbs, Czechs • After 1871 (Germany’s unification), there was a general agreement that the political boundaries were fixed no coveting a neighbor’s land • Arms/Military race

  4. Two solid alliance blocks: Germany and Austria-HungaryBritain, France, and Russia

  5. So how does it start? • Serbian nationalist assassinates A-H Archduke Ferdinand • Austria made demands on Serbia • Russia mobilized to back Serbian ally • Germany mobilized to stand by Austria • France and Britain mobilized to stand by Russia • Germany invaded France to try to knock it out of the war but got bogged down on Western Front

  6. How does it turn into a WORLD WAR? • The involvement of European countries with their own colonies and other countries in Africa, Asia, and America made this a world war • British block supplies to Central Powers • Uses imperial resources, manpower • Indians deployed in many areas • French • Use African troops • Japan • Fights Germans in China, the Pacific

  7. Ottomans • Side with Germany • Armenian genocide • United States • Begins neutral • German submarines attack American shipping • 1917, enter war

  8. A Modern War • Modernity had brought nationalism and popular participation in government • Whole peoples could be mobilized to fight • Industrialization allowed for mass production and transportation of goods • Huge numbers of repeating rifles, machine guns, artillery, ammunition, uniforms, trucks, food, poison gas, tanks, submarines, fighting aircraft

  9. Failed Peace • Peace of Paris: Treaty of Versailles • German war guilt • Reparations to Britain and France • Austria-Hungary • Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia • Poland independent • League of Nations formed

  10. Africa During World War I

  11. The Middle East AfterWorld War I

  12. Consequences • Arabs and Jews given conflicting assurances • Balfour Declaration • Growth of Zionism • Europe’s global position undermined • Map of Europe changes 9 new countries • Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Poland, Finland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Hungary, and Austria • Some nationalist groups still exist and demand independence

  13. Consequences • Europe begins to lose economically to rivals • Much of Europe lay in ruins • Resistance movements gain strength • Often assisted by Russia • Huge loss of life and property

  14. Europe 1920

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