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joints

A joint is an articulation between two bones in the body and are broadly classified by the tissue which connects the bones. The three main types of joints are: synovial, cartilaginous and fibrous. Fibrous joints have fibrous tissue joining the bone and these joints are typically very strong.

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joints

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  1. Classification of Joints Joints Fibrous Joints Cartilaginous Joints Synovial Joints ] Joints Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  2. Joints > Classification of Joints Classification of Joints • Structural Classification of Joints • Functional Classification of Joints Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/joints-8/classification-of-joints-91/

  3. Joints > Fibrous Joints Fibrous Joints • Fibrous Joints • Sutures • Syndesmoses • Gomphoses Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/joints-8/fibrous-joints-1372/

  4. Joints > Cartilaginous Joints Cartilaginous Joints • Cartilaginous Joints: Synchodroses • Cartilaginous Joints: Symphyses Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/joints-8/cartilaginous-joints-1373/

  5. Joints > Synovial Joints Synovial Joints • Structure of Synovial Joints • Nerve and Blood Supply • Bursae and Tendon Sheaths • Stability and Range of Motion at Synovial Joints • Synovial Joint Movements • Types of Synovial Joints Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/joints-8/synovial-joints-92/

  6. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  7. Joints Key terms • abduction The movement that separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of the body. • acromioclavicular joint A joint at the top of the shoulder that is the junction between the acromion (a bony process on the scapula) and the clavicle. • adduction The action by which the parts of the body are drawn toward its axis. • anastomosis A cross-connection between two blood vessels. • annulus fibrosus Fibrous ring of intervertebral disk. • apoptosis A type of "cell suicide" called programmed cell deaththat occurs in multicellular organisms. • articular cartilage A tough, elastic, fibrous connective tissue found in various parts of the body such as the joints, outer ear, and larynx. A major constituent of the embryonic and young vertebrate skeleton, converted largely to bone with maturation. • articulation A joint or the collection of joints at which something is articulated, or hinged, for bending. • ball-and-socket joint A joint in which the ball-shaped surface of one rounded bone fits into the cup-like depression of another bone. • cartilaginous joints Joints connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage. They allow more movement than fibrousjoints but less than synovialjoints. • circumduction A conical movement of a body part consisting of a combination of flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction. • condyle A smooth prominence on a bone where it forms a joint with another bone. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  8. Joints • connective tissue A type of tissue found in animals that functions in binding other tissue systems (such as muscle to skin) or organs. It consists of the cells, fibers, and a ground substance or extracellular matrix. • convection The movement of groups of molecules within fluids such as liquids or gases. • diarthrosis A joint that can move freely in various planes. • diastasis A separation between two parts of a bone, without fracture. • dorsiflexion The movement which decreases the angle between the dorsum (superior surface) of the foot and the leg, so that the toes are brought closer to the shin. • epiphyseal plate The epiphyseal plate is a hyaline cartilage plate where growth occurs in children and adolescents, located in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone . • eversion The condition of being turned outward. • fibrous joints Fixed or immobile joints that are connected by dense, tough connective tissue thatis rich in collagen fibers. • flexion The act of bending a joint. The counteraction of extension. • fontanelle An anatomical feature of the infant human skull comprising the soft membranous gaps. • gomphoses A joint that binds the teeth to bony sockets (dental alveoli) in the maxillary bone and mandible. • gomphoses A joint that binds the teeth to bony sockets (dental alveoli) in the maxillary bone and mandible. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  9. Joints • gomphosis joints Joints of very limited mobility. These are found at the articulationbetween teethand the sockets of maxilla or mandible (dental-alveolar joint). • intervertebral disc A cartilaginous joint that allows slight movement of the vertebrae by lying between adjacent vertebrae in the spine. It also acts as a ligament to hold the vertebrae together. • manubrium The broad upper part of the sternum. • nucleus pulposus Inner gel-like center of the vertebral disc. • osteomyelitis An infection of the bone and bone marrow characterized by inflammation. • periosteum A membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones. • plantarflexion The movement that increases the approximate 90 degree angle between the front part of the foot and the shin. • prime mover A muscle that acts directly to bring about a desired movement. • pronation The action of rotating the forearm so that the palm of the hand is turned down or back. • retinacula A band around tendonsthat holds them in place for stabilization. • sciatica Pain that travels down the leg from the lower back region. • scurvy A disease resulting from a lack of vitamin C. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  10. Joints • Sharpey's fibres A matrix of connective tissue consisting of bundles of strong collagenous fibers connecting periosteum to bone. • supination The action of rotating the forearm so that the palm of the hand is turned up or forward • suture In anatomy, a suture is a fairly rigid joint between two or more hard elements such as the bony plates of the skull. • suture A type of fibrous joint which only occurs in the skull (cranium). • symphysis The cartilaginous material that adjoins and facilitates the junction of such bones, with or without synovia. • symphysis The cartilaginous material that adjoins and facilitates the junction of such bones, with or without synovia. • synarthrosis A type of joint in which two bones are connected rigidly by fibrous tissue. • synchondrosis A slightly moveable articulation between bones joined by hyaline cartilage. • syndesmoses Slightly movable articulations where the contiguous bony surfaces are united by an interosseous ligament, as in the inferior tibiofibular articulation. • synovial fluid A viscous fluid found in the cavities of synovialjoints that reduces friction between the articular cartilage during movement. • synovial fluid A viscous, non-Newtonian fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints. With its yolk-like consistency, its principal role is to reduce friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement. • synovial fluid A viscous, non-Newtonian fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints. With its yolk-like consistency, its principal role is to reduce friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  11. Joints • synovial joint Also known as a diarthrosis, the most common and most movable type of joint in the body of a mammal. • Synovial joint The most common and most movable type of joint in the body of a mammal. • synovial membrane A thin membrane of joints comprised of smooth connective tissue and that secretes synovial fluid. • tendon A tough band of inelastic fibrous tissue that connects a muscle with its bony attachment. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  12. Joints Synovial Joint This diagram of a synovial joint delineates the articular cartilage, articular capsule, bone, synovial membrane, and joint cavity containing synovial fluid. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia Commons. "Synovial Joints." CC BY 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:907_Synovial_Joints.jpgView on Boundless.com

  13. Joints fibrous.jpg Image demonstrating the three types of fibrous joints. (a) Sutures (b) Syndesmosis  (c) Gomphosis. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia Commons. "Fibrous Joints." CC BY 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:904_Fibrous_Joints.jpgView on Boundless.com

  14. Joints Cartilaginous Joints Image demonstrates a synchondrosis joint with epiphyseal plate (temporary hyaline cartilage joint) indicated (a) and a symphysis joint (b). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia Commons. "Cartiliginous Joints." CC BY 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:906_Cartiliginous_Joints.jpgView on Boundless.com

  15. Joints Types of Synovial Joints.jpg Image of a skeleton and skematics of the different classes of synovial joints. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Types of Synovial Joints." CC BY 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:909_Types_of_Synovial_Joints.jpgView on Boundless.com

  16. Joints Cranial Sutures Lateral view of skull showing the location of some of the cranial sutures. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Cranial Sutures." Public domainhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Gray188.pngView on Boundless.com

  17. Joints Gomphoses This image illustrates the gomphoses joints of teeth within the jaw. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Gompnoses." Public domainhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Gray1003.pngView on Boundless.com

  18. Joints Synovial Joint An illustration of the structure of a synovial joint. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Joint." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Joint.pngView on Boundless.com

  19. Joints Achilles Tendon The Achilles tendon, also called the calcaneus, provides stability and limits the range of motion at the ankle joint. It's depicted in this diagram in relation to the tendo calcaneus. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.Public domainhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Achilles-tendon.jpgView on Boundless.com

  20. Joints Synchondroses Section through occipitosphenoid synchondrosis of an infant, including the cartilage, perichrondrium, and periosteum. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.Public domainhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Gray297.pngView on Boundless.com

  21. Joints Fibrous Joints The adult skull is normally made up of 22 bones. Except for the mandible, all are joined together by sutures, semi-rigid articulations formed by bony ossification. The presence of Sharpey's fibers permit a little flexibility. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Skull bones diagram." Public domainhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Human_skull_front_simplified_(bones).svgView on Boundless.com

  22. Joints Diagram of Invertebral Disc The lateral and superior view of an invertebral disc, including the vertebral body, intervertebral foramen, anulus fibrosis, and nucleus pulposus. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia Commons. "intervertebral disc." CC BY 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:716_Intervertebral_Disk.jpgView on Boundless.com

  23. Joints Symphyses Diagrammatic section of a symphysis including the ligament, disc of fibrocartilage, and articular cartilage. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.Public domainhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Gray298.pngView on Boundless.com

  24. Joints Elbow Joint Diagram of the anastomosis around the elbow joint. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Gray526." Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray526.pngView on Boundless.com

  25. Joints Fibrous Joints Image of fibrous joints with the tibiofibular syndesmosis demonstration in figure (b). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Fibrous Joints." CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrous_joint#/media/File:904_Fibrous_Joints.jpgView on Boundless.com

  26. Joints Frontal_suture_top_view.png Drawing of human baby skull seen from the top. Cranial sutures are depicted with the frontal suture highlighted in blue. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Frontal suture top view.png." CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Frontal_suture_top_view.pngView on Boundless.com

  27. Joints Knee joint Diagram of the knee joint. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Bursa.jpg." CC BY 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:908_Bursa.jpgView on Boundless.com

  28. Joints Tendons Illustration of the location of tendons in the hand Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.Public domainhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Tendon_(PSF).svgView on Boundless.com

  29. Joints Body_Movements_I.jpg Image demonstrating the various joint movements. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Body Movements." CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Body_Movements_I.jpgView on Boundless.com

  30. Joints Six Types of Synovial Joints Image demonstrating the six different types of synovial joints. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia Commons. "Synovial_Joints.jpg." CC BY 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:909_Types_of_Synovial_Joints.jpgView on Boundless.com

  31. Joints Saddle Joint Sternoclavicular articulation. Anterior view. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Sternoclavical Articulation." Public domainhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Gray325.pngView on Boundless.com

  32. Joints Plane Joint The left shoulder and acromioclavicular joints, and the proper ligaments of the scapula. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia. "Plane Joint." Public domainhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Gray326.pngView on Boundless.com

  33. Joints Ball and Socket Joint Hip joint: the ball of the femur head fits in the socket of the acetabulum of the pelvis. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.CC BY-SAhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Hip.jpgView on Boundless.com

  34. Joints Attribution • Wikipedia. "Synovial joint." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synovial_joint • Wiktionary. "anastomosis." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anastomosis • Wiktionary. "osteomyelitis." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/osteomyelitis • Wiktionary. "symphysis." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/symphysis • Wikipedia. "Syndesmoses." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndesmoses • Wiktionary. "diastasis." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diastasis • Wikipedia. "Fibrous joint." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrous_joint • Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//physiology/definition/prime-mover • Wikipedia. "Plantar flexion." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantar_flexion • Wikipedia. "Tendons." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendons • Wikipedia. "dorsiflexion." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dorsiflexion • Wiktionary. "eversion." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eversion • Wiktionary. "pronation." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pronation • Wiktionary. "supination." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/supination • Wikibooks. "General Anatomy/Skeletal System." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Anatomy/Skeletal_System%23Synovial_joints • Wikipedia. "Acromioclavicular Joint." CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acromioclavicular_joint • Wiktionary. "Circumduction." CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/circumduction Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  35. Joints • Wikipedia. "Synovial joint." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synovial%20joint • Wikipedia. "Synovial joint." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synovial_joint%23Types • Wiktionary. "ball-and-socket joint." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ball-and-socket_joint • Wiktionary. "condyle." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/condyle • Wikipedia. "Synovial joint." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synovial_joint • Wikipedia. "Tendons." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendons • Wiktionary. "synovial fluid." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/synovial_fluid • Wiktionary. "connective tissue." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/connective_tissue • Wikipedia. "Bursae." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bursae • Wiktionary. "tendon." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tendon • Wikipedia. "Synovial joint." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synovial_joint%23Movements_possible • Wiktionary. "flexion." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flexion • Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//biology/definition/adduction • Boundless Learning."Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//biology/definition/abduction • Wikipedia. "Apoptosis." CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis • Wikipedia. "Cartilaginous joint." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilaginous_joint • Wikipedia. "epiphyseal plate." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/epiphyseal%20plate • Wikipedia. "Epiphyseal plate." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphyseal_plate • Wikipedia. "Synchondroses." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchondroses Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  36. Joints • Wiktionary. "synchondrosis." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/synchondrosis • Wikipedia. "gomphoses." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/gomphoses • Wikipedia. "Gomphoses." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gomphoses • Wiktionary. "synarthrosis." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/synarthrosis • Wikipedia. "Synovial joint." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synovial_joint • Wiktionary. "synovial fluid." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/synovial_fluid • Wiktionary. "articulation." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/articulation • Saylor. "III. Syndesmology." Public domainhttp://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/BIO302-ch3.pdf • Wiktionary. "synovial membrane." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/synovial_membrane • Wiktionary. "diarthrosis." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diarthrosis • Wiktionary. "articular cartilage." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/articular_cartilage • Wikipedia. "suture." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/suture • Wikipedia. "gomphoses." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/gomphoses • Wikipedia."Fibrous joint." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrous_joint • Wikipedia. "syndesmoses." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/syndesmoses • Wikipedia. "Fontanelle." CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontanelle • Wikipedia. "Suture (joint)." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suture_(joint) • Wikipedia. "Suture (anatomical)." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suture_(anatomical) • Wikipedia. "suture." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/suture Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  37. Joints • Wikipedia. "Sharpey's fibres." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharpey's%20fibres • Wikipedia. "Sharpey's fibers." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharpey's_fibers • OpenStax CNX. "Tonye Ogele, Joints. January 16, 2014." CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m46182/latest/ • OpenStax CNX. "OpenStax College, Fibrous Joints. January 16, 2014." CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/contents/edcb337f-44b2-4749-9e35-104fdb0c53d1@3 • Wiktionary. "intervertebral disc." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/intervertebral_disc • Wikipedia. "Invertebral disc." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertebral_disc • Wikipedia. "Pubic symphysis." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pubic_symphysis • Wiktionary. "symphysis." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/symphysis • Wikipedia. "Symphyses." CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyses • Wikipedia. "Gomphosis." CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gomphosis • Wikipedia. "Cartilaginous Joint." CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilaginous_joint • Wikipedia. "Synovial Joint." CC BY 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synovial_joint • Wikipedia. "Joint." CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint • Wikipedia."Suture (joint)." CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suture_(joint) • Wikipedia. "Syndesmosis." CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndesmosis • Wikipedia. "Synovial Joint." CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synovial_joint • Wikipedia. "Synarthrosis." CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synarthrosis • Wikipedia. "Joint." CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint • Wikipedia. "Amphiarthrosis." CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphiarthrosis Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

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