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Reading Assignment:

Reading Assignment:. Chapter 3 in Moyle & Cech Respiration. Effects of Properties of Water on Living Organisms. Density & Buoyancy Archimede’s Principle --when an object is immersed in a fluid, an upward force acts on it, equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. end. =. =. =. >.

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Reading Assignment:

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  1. Reading Assignment: • Chapter 3 in Moyle & Cech Respiration

  2. Effects of Properties of Water on Living Organisms Density & Buoyancy Archimede’s Principle--when an object is immersed in a fluid, an upward force acts on it, equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces end

  3. = = = > = H2O H2O air Archimedes Principle positive buoyancy positive buoyancy positive buoyancy water neutral buoyancy Fish? negative buoyancy end

  4. 3 Substance Density g/cm lipids 0.9 freshwater (20 C) 1.002 saltwater (20 C) 1.072 muscle 1.05 bone (dry) 1.1 silaceous cell walls 2.0 cellulose 1.5 calcium carbonate 3.0 Densities of Biological Substances: end

  5. Slight negative buoyancy--densities of most aquatic organisms are close to that of water (usually slightly more dense) fish densities--1.06-1.09 g/cm3 end

  6. Support Aquatic organisms are well supported due to density similarities between water and aquatic organisms Effects--reduced energy expenditure reduction or lack of support tissues end

  7. Streamlined shapes • Active fish tend to be streamlined due to high energy required for locomotion in water end

  8. end

  9. Six general categories body shape habitat general life style Clues to lifestyle Doesn’t fit all fishes Rover predators Lie-in-wait predators Surface oriented fishes Bottom fishes Deep-bodied fishes Eel-like fishes Ecological Groups of Fishes end

  10. 1. Rover Predators--moving hunters • Terminal mouth • Fins evenly placed (maneuverability) • stream-lined brassy minnow end

  11. Ex: Salmonidae brook trout end

  12. Ex: Percidae walleye end

  13. Ex: Centrarchidae (basses only) largemouth bass end

  14. end

  15. 2. Lie-in-Wait predator (piscivores) • Terminal mouth; large w needle-like teeth • Stream-lined; often elongated and thin • Head flattened northern pike end

  16. Lie-in-Wait predator (continued) • Caudal fin large • Dorsal and anal fins placed posteriorly • Cryptic coloration end

  17. Esocidae-pikes, pickerel, muskie muskellunge end

  18. Lepisosteidae - gars longnose gar end

  19. needlefish end

  20. Sphraenidae -- barracuda longnose gar end

  21. end

  22. 3. Surface-Oriented fishes • Often small • Upward tending mouth (superior or superterminal) • Dorsoventrally flattened head • Adapted to surfacelife Poeciliidae-live bearers guppies mollies mosquitofish Gambusia end

  23. Four-eyed fish end

  24. Cyprinodontidae-pupfish, killifish banded killifish end

  25. Other surface oriented fishes • betas • archerfish Gambusia end

  26. end

  27. 4. Bottom fishes (benthic) • Swimbladder reduced or absent • flattened dorsoventrally (depressed) Atlantic halibut end

  28. Bottom fishes continued • Specialized structures: sensory structures barbels, fin rays modified fins (darters, clingfishes) barbels end

  29. sea robin sea robin end

  30. Pleuronectiformes-flatfishes • flounders • soles • tonguefish end

  31. hog choker end

  32. Acipenseridae--sturgeons lake sturgeon end

  33. Skates & rays end

  34. end

  35. maneuverability lookdown butterfly fish French angelfish 5. Deep-bodied fishes Laterally flattened (compressed) • Dorsal and anal fins long • Pectoral fins high on body • Pelvic fins thoracic • Mouth protrusible • Fin spines end

  36. Centrarchidae-crappies & sunfishes bluegill end

  37. end

  38. 6. Eel-like fishes--elongated bodies • Paired fins reduced or absent • Dorsal and anal fins long • Scales small or absent • Flexible bodies • Adapted for small crevices end

  39. American eel snake eel slime eel end

  40. moray eel end end

  41. end

  42. end

  43. Field Trip to Forest River • Collect and view fishes from various habitats—riffles, pools • Hone your skill with a seine • Not required, but fun and informative • Bring a friend if you like

  44. Field Trip Details • Saturday 28 September; 9:00-2:00 • Meet at 9:00 in Starcher Hall parking lot • Bring drinks and a sack lunch if you wish • Consider whether you would be willing to drive (~45 mi) • We will ask who plans to attend during next week’s lab • Ryan and I will drive--We also will ask for volunteer drivers

  45. Field Trip Details • Wear old clothes—be prepared for mud, bushes, and mosquitoes; plan to get wet • Bring waders or rubber boots if you have them • If it’s warm you can wear shorts and old sneakers for wading • Bring binoculars and field guides if you wish

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