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Understanding the Muscular System for Better Health

Learn about the functions, types, and characteristics of muscles, how they contract, the effects of aging, energy sources, and muscle tone. Discover muscle naming conventions, essential skeletal muscles, and common musculoskeletal disorders.

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Understanding the Muscular System for Better Health

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  1. Chapter 7 Muscular System Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  2. Functions of Muscular System • Body heat to maintain body temperature • Body movement • Body form and shape to maintain posture Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  3. Types of Muscles • Skeletal muscle • Under conscious control • Smooth muscle • Not under conscious control • Cardiac muscle • In the heart only Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  4. Animation – Typesof Muscle Tissue Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  5. Characteristics of Muscles • Contractibility • Excitability or irritability • Extensibility • Elasticity Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  6. Muscle Attachmentsand Functions • Over 650 muscles in the body • Muscles must be attached to bones for leverage • Muscles only pull, never push • Attached to bone by tendons Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  7. Muscle Attachmentsand Functions • Muscles are attached at both ends • Attachments may be to bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, skin or to each other • Origin and insertion • Prime mover and antagonist • Synergists Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  8. Sources of Energy and Heat • Narrow range of normal body temperature • 98.6 °F to 99.8°F • ATP (adenosine triphosphate) • Need oxygen, glucose, and other material to make • By-product is lactic acid Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  9. Contraction of Skeletal Muscle • Myoneural stimulation • Contraction of muscle proteins Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  10. Effects of Aging • Muscle atrophy • Fibrous tissue replaces the muscle tissue • Decrease in muscular strength and endurance • Loss of energy storage • Fatigue Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  11. Muscle Fatigue • Caused by accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles • When not enough oxygen can be transported to oxidize all the glucose • Muscles contract anaerobically • Excess lactic acid causes fatigue and cramps • Need to repay oxygen debt Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  12. Muscle Tone • Muscle tone • Muscles are always slightly contracted and ready to pull • Proper nutrition and regular exercise • Isotonic • Isometric • Atrophy and hypertrophy Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  13. Principle Skeletal Muscles • Skeletal or voluntary muscles • Move the skeleton • Also control movement of the eyeballs, eyelids, lips, tongues, and skin Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  14. Naming of Skeletal Muscles • Location • Size • Direction • Number of origins • Location of origin and insertion • Not all muscles are named by above method Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  15. Muscles • 656 muscles • 327 antagonistic muscles and two unpaired muscles • Orbicularis oris • Diaphragm Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  16. Muscles • Head muscles • Neck muscles • Trunk and extremity muscles Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  17. Muscles of the Head and Neck • Control expressions • Mastication • Movement of the head Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  18. Muscles • Muscles of the upper extremities • Shoulder, arm and hand movements • Muscles of the trunk • Breathing and movement of the abdomen and pelvis • Muscles of the lower extremities • Thigh, leg, ankle, foot, and toes Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  19. Exercise • Alters the size, structure, and strength of a muscle • Atrophy • Hypertrophy • Scar formation from injury Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  20. Exercise • Improved coordination • Improved respiratory and circulatory system • Elimination or reduction of excess fat • Improved joint movement Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  21. Exercise • Increase in muscle size • Improved antagonistic muscle coordination • Improved functioning in the cortical brain region, where the nerve impulses that start muscular contraction Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  22. Massage Muscles • Potential health benefits • Terms used in massage therapy to describe type of massage • Location of surface body muscles • Physiotherapy and general massage Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  23. Electrical Stimulation • Passing electrical currents through the skin into the body for therapeutic uses • Stimulate nerve tissue • Do not produce heat or cold • Used in physical therapy Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  24. Intramuscular Injections • Deltoid (upper arm) • Vastus lateralis (anterior thigh) • Dorsal gluteal or ventral gluteal (buttocks) Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  25. Musculoskeletal Disorders • Muscle atrophy • Muscle strain • Muscle spasm • Myalgia • Hernia Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  26. Musculoskeletal Disorders • Flatfeet (talipes) • Tetanus (lockjaw) • Torticollis (wry neck) • Muscular dystrophy • Myastenia gravis Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  27. Recreational Injuries • Tennis elbow • Shin splints • Rotator cuff disease Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  28. Treatment • Short term treatment for sprains, tears, pulls and other minor muscle of joint injuries • RICE • R – Rest • I – Ice • C – Compression • E – Elevation Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov

  29. Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov Chiropractic physician & Instructor at Heald College Back in the Game www.bigsportsmed.com

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