Presentation Transcript

1. The Cold War

   The Cold War and its end
2. Review The United States and Soviet Union created these two alliance systems for protection during the cold war Explain the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1963 What good came of this event? Communist Cuba became allies with the USSR. The USSR built bomb launch sites in Cuba. The USA refused to allow USSR ships to enter Cuban Water. Closest the World came to Nuclear War. After negotiate Limited Test Ban Treaty NATO Warsaw Pact The USA was committed to a policy of _______, or preventing the spread of Communism outside the Iron Curtain. Name two wars we fought for this goal? Why did the East Germans want to escape to West Germany? To escape communism. Many Berliners would try to escape by entering West Berlin. Containment Korean War (1950-1953) Vietnam War (1954-1975)
3. Berlin Wall To prevent Germans from fleeing into West Berlin, the Soviets built the Berlin Wall in 1960 The East Germans were fleeing Communism and heading for freedom in democracy
4. Space Race
5. Space Race The Soviets launched Sputnik, a satellite, into orbit in 1957. This sparked the Space Race to be the first with a man on the moon In 1969 the USA “won” the space race when Apollo 11 successfully landed on the moon. Today the International Space Station has astronauts from 14 nations
6. Arms Race The Soviets and Americans were both determined to have the more powerful weapons, including nuclear weapons. Both sides had large arsenals of nuclear weapons and this “balance of terror” kept the other side from firing.
7. The Costs… Each side invested billions into weapons and military training. However, money was desperately needed to rebuild the world after war and economic troubles. As President Eisenhower warned: “Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket fired, signifies, in the final sense, a theft from those who hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and are not clothed…. The cost of one modern heavy bomber is this: a modern brick school in more than 30 cities” According to Eisenhower, what might be a better way to use the money? What are some other ways the money could be used?
8. Détente In 1963, the Soviets and USA signed the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty- nuclear test must be conducted under ground In the 1970s a period détente, or relaxed tensions, began. Both sides agreed to reduce nuclear stockpiles Détente ended in 1979 when the Soviets invaded Afghanistan. In response, the USA provided military supplies and advice to the Taliban. **ABM-anti Ballistic missileICBM inter-continental ballistic missile
9. Soviet Leaders to know Lenin Stalin  Krushchev (1953-1964) Brezhnev (1964-1982) Gorbechev
10. Lenin and Stalin
11. Krushchev 1953-1964 De-stalinization- he eased censorship Wanted to thaw the Cold War In power during the Cuban Missile Crisis
12. Review Why did the Soviets build the Berlin wall around West Berlin? Why were the Americans worried about Sputnik? It was a satellite that could take images from orbit around Earth To prevent the Germans in Soviet occupied zones from leaving for the democratic controlled areas.
13. Gorbechev 1982-1991 Wanted to ease Cold War relations Promoted Glasnost and Perestroika Glasnost: Openness Perestroika: Economic reforms
14. Gorbachev Perestoika Gorbachev tried to improve economy and communism using Glasnost and Perestroika but it was a disaster New economic reforms led to shortages and prices skyrocketed The nation became weak and the Soviets lost control of their Satellite nations Gorbachev resigned in 1991, and the Soviet Union ceased to exist. Transitioned to Democratic Republic
15. Soviet Economy- Benefits -Cheap Rent -Free Health Care -Day care for all (universal) -No unemployment, but low wages
16. Soviet Economy- problems -Collective farms do not produce enough -Money spent buying food from foreigners -Goods were low quality -Government not good at deciding what/ how much to build -Universal health care and day care are low quality
17. Russian Republic Largest Republic in the World. First President= Boris Yeltsin -Russians have no experience with democracy= difficult -Parliament full of communists -Changing to private business difficult- unemployment soared, prices rose, little aid from the West Why didn’t we help them out?
18. Putin 1999-2009 Putin was elected in 1999. -Economic reforms boosted economy -Putin concentrated his power by restricting speech, press and jailing rivals Left office in 2009 but he supporter Medvedev was elected and assigned Putin to Prime Minister In 2012 Putin ran for President again and won
19. What Happened to the Satellite Nations?
20. Poland Occupied after WWII under Soviet Control Soviets tried to abolish Polish Catholicism but failed 1980- shipyard works in Gdansk led by Walesa, created the Solidarity movement- Union of 10 million members The Soviets Crushed the movement with force but by 1989 Solidarity ousted communism Walesa became first President of Poland
21. Yugoslavia 1991 Long civil war between ethnic groups. Sarajevo became a battle ground for 3 ethnic groups: -Croats (roman Catholic) -Serbs (Orthodox Christians) -Muslims
22. Yugoslavia splits
23. Bosnia issues Though Bosnia became independent it was still divided between Croats, Serbs and Muslims. The Serbian minority got money and arms from Serbia and practiced Ethnic Cleansing Serbians attacked schools, playgrounds, hospitals and libraries. They cut off water and electricity In 1994 NATO stepped in to try to keep the peace and Negotiations took place in Dayton Ohio, led by President Bill Clinton
24. Western Europe Recovers Money from the Marshall Plan helped Western Europe rebuild and boosted their capitalist economies. Welfare States- Capitalist Economy but takes responsibility for the social and economic well being of the people through social programs Ban child labor, regulate safety, open public schools, offer unemployment pay and food vouchers Problem: Costly and highly regulated
25. Review What is Perestroika? What is Glasnost? Economic reforms- failed Openness What is Détente? Why did the world like Gorbechev? Easing of tensions It looked like he would try to end the tensions of the cold war
26. OPEC- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries OPEC controls the amount of oil exported and the price per barrel. In 1973, OPEC halted oil exports due to political issues with the Arab and Israel conflict. This hurt the Global economy especially in the US, Japan and Britain
27. Oil Crisis 1974 The oil crisis forced Western nations to realize how dependent they were upon foreign oil. By 1974 Gas in the US had skyrocketed and was rationed The move to find domestic sources of Oil remain today, but concerns over environmental damage has limited oil production
28. Article pages 16-19 Read pages 16- 19 of the Upfront magazine