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Chapter 2: History of School Psychology

Merrell, K.W., Ervin, R. A., & Peacock, G. G. (2006). School psychology for the 21st century: Foundations and practices. New York, NY: The Guilford Press. Chapter 2: History of School Psychology. Timeline of Psychology.

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Chapter 2: History of School Psychology

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  1. Merrell, K.W., Ervin, R. A., & Peacock, G. G. (2006). School psychology for the 21st century: Foundations and practices. New York, NY: The Guilford Press. Chapter 2: History of School Psychology

  2. Timeline of Psychology • 470 - 322 B.C.: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle first document the study of psychology • 1588-1678: Hobbes: Relationship of speech to thought • 1596-1650: Descartes: mind/body dualism • 1632-1704: Locke: minds ability to gain knowledge • 1711-1776: Hume: equates psychology to physics/ impressions vs. ideas • 1809-1882: Darwin: evolution of the mind • 1832-1939: Wundt establishes the first psych lab • 1856-1939: Freud: unconscious vs. conscious • 1891: APA was founded

  3. Timeline of American Education • 1600s: Ideas about public education being discussed. • 1700s: States begin to add public education to their constitutions • 1800s: Beginning and expansion of the “common schools” • 1892: Plessy vs. Ferguson • 1920s: Almost all children receive some schooling • 1954: Brown vs. Board of Education • 1975: Education for All Handicapped Children Act (P.L. 94-142/ IDEA)

  4. Timeline of School Psychology • 1890s: First began to see the foundations of school psychology as a separate practice. • 1896: Lightner Whitmer: First Psychological Clinic in North America at University of Penn. (specifically for discovering problems in children) • Seen as father of school and clinical psychology • 1905: Publication of Stanford-Binet scales • Original Binet scales for sorting children in Paris schools • 1910: Child Guidance Clinics and Mental Hygiene Movement • 1920s: “School Psychology/ School Psychologist” emerge as terms • 1971: APA Accredits their first doctoral program

  5. Timeline of School Psychology • 1930: Hildreth’s book “Psychological Service for School Problems” published as first book in the field • 1949: Boulder Conference: scientist-practitioner model of training and psychological credentials first set forward (general to psychology) • 1954: Thayer Conference: first conference specific to school psychology. • 1969: NASP is founded • 1975: P.L. 94-142 • 1980s: NASP approves first programs • 1988: NCSP credential is established • 2002: APA/ NASP joint committee (IOC) considered a failure

  6. NASP and APA Divide NASP APA • M.S. / Ed.S. degree • to be called a “psychologist” • To practice independently • Sch Psych is INDEPENDENT from psych • Doctoral Degree • to be called a “psychologist” • To practice independently • Sch Psych is SUBSUMED in psych

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