WELCOME

1. WELCOME Huangcui 黄萃 Xinqiao Middle School

2. How to do cloze tests?

3. Brief introduction 高考总体要求 完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅读理解能力和总体语言水平。 解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知识等进行解题。

4. Step1Skip(跳读) the passage to getthe general ideaand pay attention tothe first sentence. In the cloze test, there is no blank in the first sentence (首句). It helps us to know the topic of the whole passage.(完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）

5. Skip the following passage and try to get the general idea of it. The birthrate in Europe has been in a steady decrease since the 1960s. European countries, realizing crisis is at hand, are providing great encouragement for parents to create more babies in the 21st century.

6. Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, 1 cash encouragement, some women just don’t want to be 2 holding the baby. “What we know is that it’s good for the 3 if men and women share the burden of having children”says Soren Kindlund, family policy adviser at the Swedish ministry. 4 Swedish parents can take their paid leave as they wish, men use a mere 12% of it; 60% of fathers do not take even a (n) 5 day off work. Experts fear that the tendency for women to use most of the parental leave could make employers6 to give young women the permanent（永久的） jobs they need to qualify for paid maternity leave (产假). In January, Sweden decided to allow new fathers two months’ paid leave, with a warming: use it or 7 it.

7. Kindlund admits that men are under 8 to stay at work, even though parental pay comes out of the public purse. “It’s not popular among bosses and perhaps with other men in the workplace,” he says. “But it’s good for the father and for the child if they can 9 a relationship.” In Norway, a(n) 10 policy has worked wonders. 70% of dads in Norway now take parental leave, and the birthrate of 1.85 children per woman is one of the highest in Europe. (2004上海卷）

8. General idea: In European countries, the birthrate has decreased. So the governments are taking measures to encourage parents to create more babies.

9. Step2 Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by usingsomemethods. 在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于 一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案。

10. Discuss: What are your methods of doing cloze tests?

11. Four methods(四种常用的方法)： 1、context上下文语境 2、word distinctions or collocations 词语辨析和固定搭配 3、information given in the passage 利用文章中的信息（原词复现、近义词和反义词等） 4、cultural background and common sense 文化背景和常识

12. 1、Information given in the passage 利用文章中的信息(原词复现、近义词和反义词等） (1) Miss Brown said, “ May I17 (correct) a small mistake that you made, Miss Dike? Columbus crossed the 18in the 15th , not the 16th century. He19 (discovered) America in 1492. Sir Francis Drake was a great sailor in the 16th century. You 20 (might have crossed) the Atlantic ocean with him. A. Pacific B. Indian C. Arctic D. Atlantic (2) I remember as a child I said something 40 about somebody, and my father said, “Any time you say somethingunpleasantabout somebody else, it’s a reflection of you.” (NMET2005山东) A. unkindB. unnecessary C. unimportant D. unusual (3) Apparently, although no one wants to be 51all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. 2007上海） A. noisy         B. alone     C. personal       D. sociable D A B

13. 2、Word distinctions or collocations词语辨析和固定搭配 (1) Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one of their 4 (subjects). Many people learn English because it is 5 (useful)in their work. Some young people learn English 6 (for) their higher studies because some of their books are 7 English. A. in B. with C. at D. of (2) With such a credit card, you can travel and entertain when and where you 15 (want). The world’ s leading hotels, motels and resorts（胜地）welcome the Card. You can charge nearly everything, including golf and tennis 16 . A. money B. fares C. tickets D. fees A D

14. 3、Context上下文语境 (1) The ancient Greeks were very interested in the nature of the world around them and put forward many interesting theories to explain things. Sometimes they were right, 1 very often they were wrong. A. and B. so C. but D. for (2) Are your table manners much better when you are eating at a friend’s home or in a restaurant than they are at your own home? Probably so, 1 (because) you are aware that people judge you by your table manners. You take special pains when you are eating 2 . (2005上海) A. in public B. at home C. at ease D. in a hurry C A

15. 4、Cultural background and common sense文化背景和常识 (1) …the mother was holding their baby daughter, Ally. The little girl had some food stuck in her throat, and could hardly breathe. Mr. White drove them to. The ambulance was running very fast along the road. A. the best hospital B. the biggest hospital C. the nearest hospital D. the Children’s Hospital (2) People of Burhngton are being disturbed by the sound of bells. Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the 26 have made up their minds to 27 (ring) the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest （抗议） against heavy trucks which run 28(day and night) through the narrow High Street.(NMET1999) A. college B. village C. town D. church C D

16. Step3 Read the passage again andcheck the answers.（将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查） Tips: 1、the tense and the voice，the accord between subject and predicate（时态语态，主谓语在上下文 的中是否一致） 2、grammar and collocations（语法和习惯用法的 搭配在上下文中是否逻辑上一致） 3、the connection between sentences and paragraphs (段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯) 4、the meaning of the whole passage（整体上检查 结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下文的衔接是否合理）

17. Sum up（总结） Three steps Step1Skip the passage to getthe general ideaand pay attention tothe first sentence.（跳读掌握大意，注意首句） Step2 Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by usingsome methods.（借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案） Step3Read the passage again andcheck the answers.（复读检查）

18. Four methods 1、context上下文语境 2、word distinctions or collocations词语辨析和固定搭配 3、information given in the passage利用文章中的信息（原词复现、近义词和反义词等） 4、cultural background and common sense文化背景和常识

19. Do a cloze test and think about the methods.

20. The birthrate in Europe has been in a steady decrease since the 1960s. European countries, realizing crisis is at hand, are providing great encouragement for parents to create more babies in the 21st century. Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, 1 cash encouragement, some women just don’t want to be 2 holding the baby. “What we know is that it’s good for the 3 if men and women share the burden of having children”says Soren Kindlund, family policy adviser at the Swedish ministry. 4 Swedish parents can take their paid leave as they wish, men use a mere 12% of it; 60% of fathers do not take even a (n) 5 day off work. Experts fear that the tendency for women to use most of the parental leave could make employers A B A C D

21. 6 to give young women the permanent（永久的） jobs they need to qualify for paid maternity leave (产假). In January. Sweden decided to allow new fathers two months’ paid leave, with a warming: use it or 7 it. Kindlund admits that men are under 8 to stay at work, even though parental pay comes out of the public purse. “It’s not popular among bosses and perhaps with other men in the workplace,” he says. “But it’s good for the father and for the child if they can 9 a relationship.” In Norway, a(n) 10 policy has worked wonders. 70% of dads in Norway now take parental leave, and the birthrate of 1.85 children per woman is one of the highest in Europe. B D D C B

22. Discuss: How many methods are used when you do this cloze?

23. The birthrate in Europe has been in a steady decreas since the 1960s. European countries, realizing crisis is at hand, are providing great encouragement for parents to create more babies in the 21st century. Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, 1(inspite of) cash encouragement, some women just don’t want to be 2 (left) holding the baby. “What we know is that it’s good for the 3(birth-rate)if men and women share the burden of having children”says Soren Kindlund, family policy adviser at the Swedish ministry.4 (Even though)Swedish parents can take their paid leave as they wish, men use a mere 12% of it; 60% of fathers do not take even a (n)5(single) day off work. Experts fear that the tendency for women to use most of the parental leave could make employers context (上下文) word distinctions (词语辨析) context (上下文) information given in the passage(原词复现) collocations (固定搭配)

24. 6 (reluctant)to give young women the permanent（永久的） jobs they need to qualify for paid maternity leave (产假). In January. Sweden decided to allow new fathers two months’ paid leave, with a warming: use it or7(lose)it. Kindlund admits that men are under 8 (pressure) to stay at work, even though parental pay comes out of the public purse. “It’s not popular among bosses and perhaps with other men in the workplace,” he says. “But it’s good for the father and for the child if they can 9(build up) a relationship.” In Norway, a(n) 10(similar)policy has worked wonders. 70% of dads in Norway now take parental leave, and the birthrate of 1.85 children per woman is one of the highest in Europe. context (上下文) context (上下文) context (上下文) word distinctions (词语辨析) context (上下文)

25. Homework Do the cloze tests on the paper.