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World War I

World War I. 23.1 Chapter 23 Section 1. Underlying Causes. Nationalism Devotion and loyalty to one’s country Rivalries Needed to be biggest nation, most colonies, biggest empire Alliance-promise to defend if any were attacked Armies Build large armies with modern weapons

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World War I

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  1. WorldWarI 23.1 Chapter 23 Section 1

  2. UnderlyingCauses • Nationalism • Devotion and loyalty to one’s country • Rivalries • Needed to be biggest nation, most colonies, biggest empire • Alliance-promise to defend if any were attacked • Armies • Build large armies with modern weapons • Showed strength; threatened enemies

  3. Spark for War • 1914- Austria-Hungary vs. Serbia • June 28, 1914-Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife killed by Serbian nationalist • Austria-Hungary declares war

  4. France Great Britain Russia Austria- Hungary Germany Ottoman Empire AlliesCentral

  5. FightingBegan • Germany struck first • Attacked Belgium and France • France and Britain forces stop Germany before they reach Paris

  6. Trench warfare • Deep ditches from which soldiers defended their positions • Cost: millions die • Stalematefor next 3 years

  7. 1916 Battle of the Somme

  8. Germany’s New Weapon • The submarine • Used to block the English from receiving food and supplies • United States warn Germany: do not attack unarmed ships. • Germans ignore warning. • America enters the war in April 1917.

  9. Lusitania Germans Attack

  10. Allies Victory • American forces gave Allies fresh advantage • Germans tried new attack in France • U.S. and Allies stopped it AND pushed them out of France • Other Central Powers suffered defeats • Fighting occurred in Africa and Asia • By November 1918: Central Powers had collapsed.

  11. Treaty of Versailles Met in Versailles, France to determine peace conditions.

  12. League of Nations • Proposed by American President Woodrow Wilson • Plan to prevent future wars • Organization where countries would try to solve their problems peacefully.

  13. Allies Redraw World Map • Took land from Russia and Germany • Broke up Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire • Formed seven new countries

  14. Blamed Germany • Treaty forced Germany to acceptblame • Forced Germany to slash the size of their Army • Forced Germany to giveup their colonies • Forced Germany to pay for wardamage.

  15. Set the stage • Treaty set the stage for future conflict • Germans thought treaty was too harsh • Not everybody got their own nation • Nations resented losing land

  16. RussianRevolution • Problems and anger reached boiling point • Poverty, food shortages, heavy loss in war • turned people against government • Russia czar, or ruler, gave up power

  17. New government • Communism- economic and political system which government owns all businesses and controls the economy. • New leader- Vladimir Lenin • 1st communist state November 1917 • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR • Or Soviet Union

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