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World War I: The Great War 1914-1918

Explore the causes, major events, and aftermath of World War I, including the M.A.I.N. causes, modern warfare tactics, the U.S. entry into the war, and the Treaty of Versailles. Witness the impact that shaped the world's history forever.

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World War I: The Great War 1914-1918

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  1. WORLD WAR I The “Great War” from 1914-1918

  2. M.A.I.N Causes M – Militarism: Aggressive strengthening of forces A – Alliances: Agreement to help out another nation I – Imperialism: Acquiring colonies and an empire N – Nationalism: Strong feeling of pride in one’s nation • All European nations experiencing these 4 situations in 1914

  3. The Spark • Austria-Hungary wanted to get Bosnia, which Serbia wanted also • On June 28, 1914, Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife, Sofie, are killed by Gavrilo Principe, a Serbian terrorist • Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia – World War I begins!

  4. Central Powers • 1 – Triple Alliance • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Italy • 2 – Bulgaria • 3 – Ottoman Empire (Turkey)

  5. Allies • 1- Triple Entente • France • Russia • Great Britain • 2 – Serbia • 3 – Romania • 4 – Greece • 5 – Belgium • 6 – The United States (1917)

  6. Schleiffen Plan • Germany would go through Belgium to crush France • Germans halted at the Marne River by the French Army • Stalemate (deadlock) at the Western Front

  7. Modern Warfare • Trench Warfare • “No Man’s Land” • Dead bodies • Rats and Lice • Soldiers slept in mud and rain • Lived off dried beef, hard biscuits, and canned emergency rations

  8. Modern Warfare • Poison Gas • Mustard • Chlorine

  9. Modern Warfare • Tanks • U-boats • Airplanes

  10. 1917 – The United States Enters the War • Reasons the U.S. got into the war: 1 - Propaganda: The spread of ideas that help one cause and hurt another • “Preserve Democracy!”

  11. 1917 – The United States Enters the War • 2 – Lusitania: A British passenger ship that was torpedoed by a German u-boat – 128 Americans killed

  12. 1917 – The United States Enters the War • 3 – Zimmermann Telegram: Germany promised Mexico that if Mexico sided with Germany, they would get back Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas

  13. Americans in the Service • Selective Service Act: “The Draft” – required men between the ages of 18-45 to register for military service

  14. Americans in the Service • Doughboys: nickname for the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) • Led by General John “Blackjack” Pershing • 360,000 African Americans joined in separate units • Women served as nurses, secretaries, and translators

  15. Financing the War • 1 – Raised income taxes • 2 – Liberty war bonds • 3 – Lend money to Allies to buy food/supplies • 4 – Food Administration headed by Herbert Hoover

  16. Reactions to the War • Pacifists: People who are against war under any circumstances • Congress was afraid opposition would hurt the war effort • National War Labor Board(1918): helped workers and management avoid strikes and reach agreements

  17. Reactions to the War • Espionage Act: Set strict penalties for anyone who interfered with recruiting soldiers or made statements that hinder the war effort • Sedition Act: It was illegal to utter disloyal statements about the Constitution, the government, the flag, or the Armed Forces • The Supreme Court in 1919 allowed the government to suspend free speech during war time

  18. The End of the War • Bolshevik Revolution • Headed by Vladimir Lenin • 1917 – Czar Nicholas II abdicates (leaves) the throne • 1917 – Nicholas and family are killed • Russia is out of the war • Communism: equal distribution of wealth and the end of all forms of private property • Last German Offensive • Germany launches a last offensive • Germany stopped at Bellau Wood

  19. Wilson’s 14 Points • Armistice (truce) is signed on November 11, 1918 – 8 million soldiers killed • Wilson’s Peace Treaty = 14 Points 1. Freedom of the seas – lower the number of weapons and no secret alliances 2. Self – Determination: right of a country to decide how they want to be governed 3. League of Nations (now called the United Nations)

  20. Treaty of Versailles • BIG FOUR: • Woodrow Wilson – U.S. • David Lloyd George – Great Britain • Georges Clemenceau – France • Vittorio Orlando - Italy

  21. Treaty of Versailles • Mission: PUNISH GERMANY • Germany had to pay $33 billion in war reparations and dismantle its entire army • U.S. rejected treaty and did not join League of Nations • Germany’s punishment from World War I led to the rise of Adolf Hitler in 1933

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