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Europe: Modern History

Europe: Modern History. World War I, World War II, and the Cold War. What is World War I?. 1914-1918 2 nd largest conflict in human history 70 million participants 9 million killed. Causes of WWI: MA in. Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism. Causes of wwi : militarism .

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Europe: Modern History

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  1. Europe: Modern History World War I, World War II, and the Cold War

  2. What is World War I? • 1914-1918 • 2nd largest conflict in human history • 70 million participants • 9 million killed

  3. Causes of WWI: MAin • Militarism • Alliances • Imperialism • Nationalism

  4. Causes of wwi: militarism • World powers built large militaries. • Germany and France double the size of their militaries between 1870 and 1914 • Germany and Britain build battleships.

  5. Causes of WWI: Alliances

  6. Causes of WWI: Imperialism • European Colonization by 1914 (WWI)

  7. Causes of WWI: Nationalism • Nationalism: strong support of the interests of one’s own country even at the expense of others. • Reunification of Italy and Germany • France had lost territory in Franco-Prussian War • Different nationalist groups in Austria-Hungary and Serbia

  8. Characteristics of WWI • Trench warfare • Stalemate • New technology, old doctrine

  9. Results of allied victory • Economic depression, especially Germany (war reparations) • Fear of more war in much of Europe • New boundaries-9 new nations; break up of old empires

  10. What differences can you see in the countries of Europe before and after 1914? • What differences can you see comparing the map of Europe in 1914 to the map today?

  11. WWII 1939-1945

  12. WWII (1939-45) • 100 million military participants • 40-70 million fatalities • Holocaust • Total war

  13. Allies before pearl harbor in dark green; light green after

  14. Why do the allies win the war? • Axis powers are not unified • Hitler, Mussolini, Tojonever meet to discuss strategy • German mistakes • Hitler invades Russia (two front war) • Declares war on the US after Pearl Harbor, bringing the US into the war • Allied war production • US • Russia

  15. Some Results • New technology • Microwaves • Nuclear technology • Weapons • New powers: US and Soviet Union (USSR) • Old powers diminished: British, French, Germany • Creation of United Nations • International organization to promote peace • Initially 50 member countries with big 5 having veto power (US, USSR, China, France, Britain)

  16. Cold war 1945-1991

  17. Cold War • Definition: Struggle between US and Soviets for power and influence • Characteristics: • Political conflict • Economic conflict • Military tension

  18. Some Results of WWII • The US and Russia emerge as the two world super powers. • Conflicting postwar goals

  19. Nato v. warsaw • Disagreements over postwar Europe • Soviets gain control over much former Nazi territory and want to keep control

  20. Nato v. Warsaw pact • NATO (North Atlantic Trade Organization) • UN ineffective- Soviet and Chinese veto power • Collective security • “An attack on one is an attack on all” • Warsaw Pact • Formed as a reaction to NATO • Collective security of Soviet satellite nations

  21. Cold war events • Division of Germany (Berlin Wall) • Korean War (50-53) • Arms race (including Sputnik and space race) • Vietnam War (55-75) • Cuban Missile Crisis (62)

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