PhD proposal : Potential of urban forests to provide fuelwood for residents in african cities

1. Technische Universität München PhDproposal:Potential of urban foreststoprovidefuelwoodforresidents in africancities Florian Renner (Dipl. Ing. forestry sciences) Supervisor: Stephan Pauleit

2. Content Technische Universität München • CLUVA context • Ecosystemservicesof urban forests • Research background • Main objectives • Research questions • Specificobjectives • Study area(s) • Task flow • Status quo • References

3. CLUVA context Technische Universität München WP 2: Vulnerability and Risk assessment 4 Tasks: 2.1 Vulnerability of urban structures and lifelines 2.2 Vulnerability and adaptation potential associated with urban ecosystems 2.3 Assessing social vulnerability 2.4 Multi-risk models

4. Task 2.2: overview Technische Universität München The specific objectives of this Task are: • to analyse, quantify and map important ecosystem services of the urban green structure that increase the resilience of African cities to climate change; • to assess the impacts of climate change on urban green structure & its ecosystem services; and • to evaluate the prospects for urban green structure as a measure for adapting African cities to climate change.

5. Ecosystemservicesof urban forests Technische Universität München Ecosystemservicesdeliveredby urban forests(adaptedfrom TEEB Manual for Cities 2011) • Provisoningservices: food, rawmaterials (i.e. wood, biofuels, NTFPs), water, medicinalresources • Regulatingservices: localclimateandairqualityregulation, carbonsequestrationandstorage, moderationof extreme events, waste-watertreatment, erosionprevention • Habitat orsupportingservices: habitatsforspecies, maintenanceofgenetidiversity • Cultural services: recreationand mental andphysicalhealth….

6. Research background Technische Universität München • Importance of wood as source of energy: • about 90% ofharvestedwood in Africaisusedasfuelwood (worldabout 47%; FRA 2010) • morethan 90% ofhousehold‘senergydemandsuppliedbybiomass (GTZ 2009) • collectionoffuelwoodisoften time- andcostintense • commercialharvestingofwoodoften not sustainable • purchaseofenergyefficientcookingappliancesmostlytoo expensive forthepoorpopulation (Edwards andLangpap 2005) • urban utilization of fuelwood rarely examined in Africa, yet (Gebreegziabher 2011) • increasingdemandforwoodthroughpopulationgrowth(4-5% p.a.; UN-HABITAT 2005) • impactsofclimatechange on forests in urban areas?

7. Main Objectives Technische Universität München • Contributetoavailabilityandaccessabilityofbasedataandliteratureforecologicalquestions in urban areasofAfrica • Tohighlightthevalueandimportanceofecosystemservices in urban areas • Toenhancetheresilienceof urban greeninfrastructure in Africa

8. Research questions Technische Universität München • Whatare urban forestsin Africa? • Howimportantis urban forestryanditsprovisioningservice „wood“ fortheresidents? • Whatrisksareresultingfor urban forestryfrom urban growth? • Whatistheimpactofclimatechange on the urban forest stand growth? • Howandwherecouldtheresilienceof urban forestrybeenhanced?

9. Specificobjectives Technische Universität München • Toestimatethe urban forestcover in different casestudycities (fornow Dar es Salaam) • Toutilize UMTs andlandcoveranalysistocharacterize urban forests • Todevelop a methodtoderive urban woodsupplyfromforestcover (lc-analysis, FAO approach) • Tocalculatethe urban fuelwooddemandandestimatethecontributionof urban foreststo urban fuelwoodsupply • Tocalculate urban forestgrowthbased on previousvolumeestimations • Toidentifytheimpactsofclimatechangeandurbanization on forestgrowthasriskandvulnerabilityfactors • Toidentify potential forestregrowthareas

10. Study area(s) Technische Universität München • Fornow Dar es Salaam • Further casestudycitiesappreciated (depends on dataavailability, i.e. aerialimages, UMT mapsandsocialdata) Addis Abeba? Dar es Salaam ! Ouaga? Douala? St. Louis? MapsofTanzania, Ethiopia (wikipedia.org, 04/2012)

11. Task flow Technische Universität München Classifiedandcharacterized urban forestrytypes Urban timber potential Factorsofvulnerabilityto urban forestry Main goal: Resilient urban forestry

12. Status quo Technische Universität München • methodologytoestimatestandingtimbervolumeelaborated • Contributionto UMT mappingof Dar es Salaam • First analysesofsurfacecover in different UMTs in Dar Next steps: • Tofinalysesurface/treecoverassessment in Dar • Toapplytimbervolumeestimationmethod • Tovalidateresults in Dar

13. References Technische Universität München • Edwards, J.H.Y., and C. Langpap (2005): Startup Costs and the Decision to Switch from Firewood to Gas Fuel. Land Economics 81(4): • FAO (2010): Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 – Main Report • Gebreegziabher, Z., et al. (2011): Urban energy transition and technology adoption: The case of Tigrai, northern Ethiopia, EnergyEcon. (2011), doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2011.07.017 • GTZ (2009): Renewable Energies in East Africa Regional Report on Potentials and Marktes – 5 Country Analyses; Energy-policyFramework Papers, Section»Energyand Transport« • TEEB – The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (2011): TEEB Manual for Cities: Ecosystem Services in Urban Management. www.teebweb.org • UN-HABITAT (2005): Urbanization Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa; United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT): Nairobi, Kenya