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The Settlement of New England

The Settlement of New England. Susan Pojer / Pamela K. Montague. Produces Puritanism Martin Luther – Bible alone is source of God’s word John Calvin / Calvinism Dominant theology in ALL colonies Humans weak & wicked due to original sin Predestination on eternal salvation

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The Settlement of New England

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  1. The Settlement of New England Susan Pojer / Pamela K. Montague

  2. Produces Puritanism Martin Luther – Bible alone is source of God’s word John Calvin / Calvinism Dominant theology in ALL colonies Humans weak & wicked due to original sin Predestination on eternal salvation Good works CANNOT save the damned, but… Have to look for signs of conversion- VISIBLE SAINTS Anglicans didn’t advocate ARMINIANISM– it’s heresy- but suggested good works might get God to change mind Fear of James I Married to a Catholic No advances under him for Protestantism except King James version of Bible Protestant Reformation

  3. Pilgrims? vs. Puritans? What’s the difference?

  4. Separatistswho thought only “visible saints” should get church membership 1608 migrated to Holland (Netherlands) but… Form joint-stock company & migrate to America in 1620 100 people/35 are Pilgrims - on Mayflower; 66 days Headed to Northern Virginia Landed north of their destination at Cape Cod Bay and stayed The Pilgrims Video

  5. WHY did the Pilgrims draw it up? Entered into because Pilgrims were outside control of Virginia Co. Early example that society should be based on rules set by its own members TOWN MEETINGS Majority rule Select Governor The Mayflower CompactNovember 11, 1620

  6. William Bradford Elected 30 times! • “Of Plymouth • Plantation” • 1st 30 years of colony • Will merge with MA Bay colony (Puritans) in 1691 – becomes MA

  7. Tisquantuma/k/aSQUANTO • Knew English; had traveled to England but tried to return (with John Smith) in 1614 • Kidnapped by another Englishman attempting to sell him into slavery in Spain; rescued by monks • Finally made his way back to England & then America in 1619 • Helped Pilgrims survive after 1st hard winter (where over half died) by teaching them to cultivate maize

  8. October, 1621 National Holiday by 1942 THE FIRST THANKSGIVING

  9. Presidential Turkey Pardons

  10. 1629 Charles I dismissed Parliament & allowed persecution of Puritans Approx. 70,000 Puritans left England during the Great Migration 1620=1650 Most went to West Indies Small group settles in Salem, MA in 1629 Boston founded, 1630 10,000 in MA by 1640 Puritan Migration Great Migration, 1620-1650

  11. Royal charter from MA Bay Company Approximately 1,000 to MA in 1630 - Boston Come in family units Create elected legislature – General Court – how is membership limited? Limited to male church members who are “visible saints” What do they see as the purpose of government? enforcing God’s law Massachusetts Bay Colony

  12. John Winthrop Governor of Massachusetts • Social experiment to create a utopia. • To be a beacon to humanity; believed they have covenant to build a holy society that would be a model for all mankind • Puritans later known as the Congregational Church. “We shall be as a city on a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us. . .”

  13. Puritan “Rebels” Roger Williams “Liberty of Conscience” Anne Hutchinson “Antinomianism” Why does he become unpopular with his congregation? With landowners? Where does he go? What is antinomianism? What ultimately happens to her?

  14. RHODE ISLAND “SEWER” Individualistic / Independent Complete freedom of religion – Catholics & Jews No oaths, no church attendance, no taxes Universal manhood suffrage (later, require property) CONNECTICUT Founder is Rev. Thomas Hooker 1st written Constitution – Fundamental Orders… Many Boston Puritans NEW HAMPSHIRE/MAINE Settled for fishing, trading Maine gets absorbed by MA Bay Colony NH becomes royal colony by 1679 Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire

  15. The Pequot Wars: 1636-1637 The more English that arrive & push inland, the less peace there is with the Indians. First war between natives & Europeans in British North America.

  16. A Pequot VillageDestroyed, 1637 By who? How? By who? How? First “war” between Indians and Europeans in English North America

  17. King Phillip’s War1675-1676 Metacom (King Phillip) forms Indian alliance and launches vicious attacks on the colonies - 52 Puritan towns attacked & 12 entirely destroyed. His defeat in 1676 is a lasting defeat for New England’s Indians Metacom What happened to him?

  18. Formed by Americans, 1643 MA Bay & Connecticut (“Puritan Club”) For defense….against Indians French, Dutch 1st milestone toward colonial unity! Broken up by Charles II Took charter away from MA Bay colony NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERATION

  19. Imposed by London Joined NE + NY & NJ together Sir Edmund Andros – openly pro-Anglican For control – enforce the Navigation Laws Smuggling becomes reputable in colonies Andros taxed w/o consent; no town meetings Glorious Revolution (William & Mary, 1688) brings end MA loses charter – royal colony ALL male property owners now have suffrage, not just church members SALUTARY NEGLECT sets in! D0MINION OF NEW ENGLAND

  20. Population of the New England Colonies

  21. Characteristics of New England Settlements • Puritan Work Ethic! • Diversified economy • Low mortality  average life expectancy was 70 years of age. • Emigrated in family units • Many extended families. • Average 6 children per family. • Average age at marriage: • Women – 22 years old • Men – 27 years old.

  22. Population Comparisons:New England v. the Chesapeake Why is life expectancy so high in New England?

  23. Land Division inSudbury, MA: 1639-1656 • Tightly knit, town-based communities : • Town meetings! • Direct Democracy

  24. Patriarchy • Authoritarian male father figures controlled each household. • Patriarchal ministers and magistrates controlled church congregations and household patriarchs. • Women can’t inherit land – limited to domestic sphere; children to be seen, but not heard & emulate adults. • “Blue Laws” enforced. • (things not allowed–usually on Sun.)

  25. EDUCATION • Extremely important – WHY? • 1647 MA School Law • Towns of over 50 were required to provide public education • 1636, Harvard College established • Its purpose?

  26. Declining religious zeal Thriving economy Population dispersing away from town to outlying farms….outside control of church Led to Halfway Covenant,1662 Partial church membership, but no vote Children can be baptized No communion Salem Witchcraft Trials 1692 - - Causes? How did they end? Cotton Mather? Disruptions in New England Society

  27. New England Colonies, 1650

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