2.1 Cells & Cell Systems

1. How are they organized? 2.1 Cells & Cell Systems

2. Cell Organization Groups of organs that have related function Systems Groups of different tissues put together for at least one function Organs Tissues Group of cells that are similar in shape and function Cells

3. Cell and Tissue types

4. Covers the outside surfaces of your body. Covers the inside of your body. Serves as membranes lining organs. Separates organs and keeps them in place. Skin, inside of mouth, stomach, tissue surrounding the body’s organs. Epithelial tissue

5. Adds support to the body Adds structure to the body Contains fibrous strands – collagen Connective tissue • Skin, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, bone and fat tissue. • Blood is considered a connective tissue.

6. Muscle is a specialized tissue because it can contract. Muscle tissue

7. Can generate and conduct electrical signals. Managed by nerve tissue in brain. Transmitted down spinal cord. Nerve tissue

8. Organs

9. The next level of organization in the body An organ contains at least two different types of tissue functioning together for a common purpose. Liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, skin Skin – 3 layers 1) epidermis 2) dermis 3) subcutaneous layer ORgans

10. Major Role Provide gas exchange between blood and environment. Oxygen is absorbed from atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is expelled from body. Major Organs Nose. Trachea Lungs Respiratory system

11. Major Role Transport nutrients, gases (O2, CO2), hormones, waste Major Organs Heart, blood vessels, blood Circulatory system

12. Major Role Filter out wastes, toxins, excess water, nutrients from circulatory system. Major Organs Kidneys, urteters, bladder, urethra Excretory system

13. Major Role Breakdown nutrients Absorb nutrients Major Organs Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Digestive system

14. Major Role Relay electrical signals throughout the body Directs behavior and movement Controls digestion, circulation Major Organs Brain Spinal cord Peripheral nerves Nervous system

15. Major Role Relay chemical messages through the body Works with nervous system to control nutrient absorption growth etc. Major Organs Hypothalamus Pituitary Thyroid Pancreas Adrenal glands Endocrine system

16. Major Role Manufacture cells for reproduction In male – sperm In female - eggs Major Organs Male – testes, seminal vesicles and penis Female – ovaries, oviducts, uterus, vagina and mammary glands. Reproductive system

17. Major Role Provide movement Work in pairs Provide movement in organs, stomach, intestine, heart, circulatory system. Major Organs Skeletal muscles throughout body Smooth muscles throughout body Muscular system

18. Major Role Destroy and remove invading microbes and viruses. Remove fat and excess fluids from blood. Major Organs Lymph Lymph nodes and vessels White blood cells T cells B cells Lymphatic / immune system

19. Major Role Provide support for the body Protect delicate internal organs Provide attachment sites for organs Major Organs Bones Cartilage Tendons Ligaments Skeletal system

20. Define; tissue, organ, organ system. Give an example of each. • Organize the following structures from smallest to largest and give an example: tissue, cell, organ, molecule • Make a table to compare the levels of cell organization (pg 42) with the levels in some organization that you are familiar with such as: • sports team • RPG • The school system • Government system • Banking system • Family tree of authority • Police structure of authority Questions Science Probe 8 - pg 42