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FREUD’S LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

FREUD’S LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS. Unconscious level: selfish needs, irrational wishes, immoral urges, fears, violent motives, unacceptable desires, shameful experiences Preconscious level: memories, stored knowledge Conscious level: perceptions, thoughts. ALTERED STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS.

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FREUD’S LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

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  1. FREUD’S LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS • Unconscious level: selfish needs, irrational wishes, immoral urges, fears, violent motives, unacceptable desires, shameful experiences • Preconscious level: memories, stored knowledge • Conscious level: perceptions, thoughts

  2. ALTERED STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS • A type of consciousness other than normal waking consciousness • Sleep • Meditation • Dreams • Drugs • Hypnosis

  3. SLEEP • Circadian Rhythms: regular sequence of biological processes, such as temperature and sleep, that occurs every 24 hours • Temperature falls to its lowest point between 3am and 5am

  4. STAGES OF SLEEP • Beta Waves: short and quick (awake) • Alpha Waves: slower (relax and drowsy) • Stage 1: lightest sleep; brain waves slow down from alpha to theta; brief dreamlike images; 5-10 minutes • Stage 2: muscle spasms; body is preparing to enter deep sleep

  5. STAGES OF SLEEP • Stages 3 & 4: sleep is deep and the brain produces delta waves (slowest) • Non-REM sleep: stages 1-4; lasts from 90-120 minutes • 1-2-3-4-3-2-1-REM • REM sleep: begin to breathe more regularly, blood pressure rises, heart beats faster • Heightened cerebral activity = dreams

  6. DREAMS • According to Freud, dreams reflect a person’s unconscious wishes and urges; and people dream in symbols • Most vivid dreams occur during REM • During NREM, dreams are less likely to have clear imagery and plots that make sense

  7. INSOMNIA • Difficulty falling asleep • No problem falling asleep, but difficulty staying asleep • Waking up too early • Transient Insomnia: lasting a few nights • Short-term Insomnia: 2 or 4 weeks • Chronic Insomnia: lasting a month or longer (depression)

  8. NIGHTMARES VS. NIGHT TERRORS • Upsetting events, anxiety and depression can cause nightmares • Night terrors are more severe and include heart racing, talking incoherently, thrashing about, sitting up in bed • Night terrors occur during stages 3 and 4 while nightmares occur during REM

  9. OTHER SLEEP DISORDERS • Sleep Apnea: breathing interruption; usually accompanied with snoring • Narcolepsy: suddenly fall asleep no matter what time it is or where they are • Sleepwalking: brain waves combine awake and deep sleep • Caused by stress and substance abuse in adults • Amnesia usually follows episode • Difficult to arouse patient during episode

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