1 / 39

AKS 49 -50 The Cold War

AKS 49 -50 The Cold War. I. Origins of the Cold War. A. Cold War - Heavily armed truce with occasional military confrontations B. Refers to relationship between U.S. and the Soviet Union following World War II – disagreed on what to do with post-war Europe.

jaron
Download Presentation

AKS 49 -50 The Cold War

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. AKS 49 -50The Cold War

  2. I. Origins of the Cold War A. Cold War - Heavily armed truce with occasional military confrontations B. Refers to relationship between U.S. and the Soviet Union following WorldWar II – disagreed on what to do with post-war Europe

  3. Tensions began during World War II • Stalin wanted the Allies to invade France so that it would ease pressure on Russia • Allies refused to invade until ready (D-Day)

  4. F. Winston Churchill 1. Visits Fulton, Missouri in 1946 2. Describes Soviet Union as an “Iron Curtain” refers to Soviet expansion 3. Stalin angry at reference, fuels tension “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtainhas descended across the Continent.” – Winston Churchill, 1946

  5. G. Causes of the Cold War: 1. Ideological differences (dictatorship vs. democracy; communism vs. capitalism) 2. Desire to expand influence in other parts of the world 3. Desire to be a Superpower; Nuclear Arms Race

  6. G. Causes of the Cold War: 4. Soviets take over several countries in Eastern Europe and create communist governments 5. Also support Communist rebellion in Greece and Turkey

  7. H. The Truman Doctrine – March 12, 1947 • U.S. should provide monetary and military aid to countries fighting communism (Greece;Turkey) • Containment – policy developed by President Truman and Ambassador George Kennan - keeping the Soviets from acquiring any additional territories 3. Overturned the Monroe Doctrine; ended American isolationism

  8. I. Homefront 1. G.I. Bill – provided money for college and low interest home loans for veterans 2. Levittown, NY – developed by William Levitt; brought assembly line and mass production to housing – cheaper houses 3. Baby Boom – 25 million babies born in the years after WW II; soldiers returning from war and getting married; largest generation in American history

  9. J. The Marshall Plan – June, 1947 1. Truman’s plan, but gave credit to Secretary of State George Marshall so Congress would pass it 2. Gave $13 billion in aid to Western European countries to stop the threat of communism

  10. J. The Marshall Plan – June, 1947 3. Results a. Communist influence dropped in western Europe b. Industry in Western Europe grew c. U.S. economy was helped as Europeans bought American goods

  11. K. Elections of 1948 – Truman vs. Dewey 1. No one thought Truman could win 2. Uses “Whistle-Stop” campaign to reach Americans 3. Truman re-elected in major upset

  12. L. Post-War Germany 1. Germany divided into four zones by Allies 2. Berlin – in Soviet sector; also divided 3. U.S., England and France wanted to help Germany rebuild 4. Denazification – removal of former Nazis from government positions

  13. 5. Russia began dismantling its sector and sending supplies to Moscow 6. Resented Allies being in Berlin 7. Berlin Blockade – 1948 – Russians blockade Berlin hoping to force Allies to leave the city

  14. 8. Berlin Airlift – American bombers used to drop food and supplies to the people of West Berlin 9. Organized by General Curtis LeMay– had led bombing missions over Germany and Japan during WW II

  15. M. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) - 1949 1. Alliance between countries of democratic Western Europe and the U.S. – formed in response to Berlin Blockade 2. Warsaw Pact – Soviets and their allies

  16. II. Cold War Turns Hot A. “Red” China 1. Communists, led by Mao Tse-Tung - vs. Nationalists, led by Chang Kai Shek 2. Communists defeated Nationalist China 3. Truman criticized for not doing enough to help the Nationalists – “soft on Communism”

  17. B. Korean War, 1950-1953 – “The Forgotten War” 1. Korea had been divided at the 38th parallel after World War II 2. Communist North Korea attacked U.S. backed South Korea 3. UN forces counter attack but are driven to Puson

  18. 3. General Douglas MacArthur leads U.N. forces and drives Communists back to China 4. Wants to invade China and use nuclear arms 5. Truman eventually fires MacArthur for insubordination – threatened civilian control of military 6. war turns into two year stalemate

  19. C. Election of 1952 • Truman decides not to run; Democrats nominate Adlai Stevenson • Republicans nominate WW II hero Dwight D. Eisenhower – “Ike” • Eisenhower wins in a landslide

  20. D. Eisenhower’s Presidency • Eisenhower goes to Korea before the election to work out peace plan to end conflict • Built up military including nuclear arms to stop Soviet expansion • Sent advisors to Vietnam after French defeated in 1954 • Domino Theory – if one country falls to communism, those that border it will

  21. D. Eisenhower’s Presidency 4. Had Interstate Highway System built across U.S. for quick military transportation; also increased military spending

  22. 5. Supported Castro’s marching into Havana and his takeover of Cuba in 1959 6. When Castro turned to Russia for support Ike announced an embargo on Cuba 7. May 1960 – U-2 spy plane shot down over Russia; ends chance for Summit talks between Eisenhower and Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev

  23. E. A New Red Scare 1. August 29, 1949 – Soviets test their first atomic bomb 2. Alger Hiss Trial – Government official convicted in 1949 of spying for Soviets; prosecuted by Richard Nixon 3. Fueled fear in America – led to Arms Race – both sides spent millions building up defense

  24. 4. McCarthyism - Senator Joseph McCarthy from Wisconsin took advantage of American fear of Communism a. Charged that many prominent Americans were secret Communist agents b. Led to the House Un-American Activities Committee

  25. c. Thousands of Americans called before Committee to defend patriotism – many reputations ruined d. Hollywood actors and directors “blacklisted” • Accused army of being full of communists-discredited him and ruined his career • Eisenhower’s Farwell Address: warned against the growing power of the military industrial complex

  26. III. Election of 1960 A. Richard Nixon 1. vice-President under Ike; Prosecuted Alger Hiss 2. Served in House and Senate 3. “Kitchen Debate” with Soviet leader Khrushchev had made him popular

  27. III. Election of 1960 B. John F. Kennedy 1. Senator from Massachusetts and WW II hero 2. Father Joseph had been ambassador to England in 1930’s; Catholic 3. Had entered Congress same year as Nixon

  28. People who saw debate thought JFK won – popularity rose 2. People who heard debate thought Nixon had won 3. JFK wins close race – image matters more than substance III. Election of 1960 C. 1st Presidential Debates – shown on television

  29. “Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans - born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. . . Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.” ---President John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address

  30. IV. The New Frontier– Kennedy’s Presidency A. Problems with Cuba 1. U.S. (Ike) had helped Castro overthrow Batista 2. Once in power, Castro turned on U.S. 3. Infuriated Eisenhower and Nixon 4. Bay of Pigs – planned invasion of Cuba led by anti-Castro Cubans that had fled to Miami 5. JFK inherits plan and approves it with one change – no U.S. air cover for invasion 6. April 1961 - Bay of Pigs becomes a disaster – JFK accepts blame

  31. B. Cuban Missile Crisis 1. October 15, 1962 – U.S. spy planes (U-2) take pictures of missile sites being built in Cuba 2. JFK organizes top secret group of advisors called EX-COMM

  32. 3. Had to decide whether to invade or bomb Cuba 4. Decided to use U.S. Navy to blockade Cuba (quarantine) until they removed the missiles 5. Soviets send ships to Cuba to try and break the blockade

  33. 6. October 24, 1962 – Soviets turn ships around 7. “eyeball to eyeball” 8. Soviets eventually agree to remove missiles in 9. U.S. agrees to remove missiles from Turkey

  34. C. JFK and Berlin 1. August, 1961 – Soviets build wall splitting Berlin; to keep East Germans from escaping to democratic West Berlin 2. June 23, 1963 – JFK visits West Berlin - "Ich bin ein Berliner (I am a Berliner.)"

  35. D. The American University Speech – August 1963 1. In speech JFK talks about peace with Soviets - “we are all mortal” 2. “our problems are man-made, therefore can be solved by man”

  36. E. JFK and Space 1. NASA developed after Russians launch Sputnik in 1957; Expanded under Kennedy 3. Alan Shepherd – first American in Space; John Glenn – first American to orbit the Earth

  37. 5. May 21, 1961 – JFK called for the U.S. to land a man on the moon before the end of the decade 6. Mercury 7 – first 7 astronauts – mission : orbit the Earth 7. Gemini – mission: how to pilot a space craft 8. Apollo – land on the moon and return MERCURY

  38. F. End of Camelot 1. November 22, 1963 – JFK assassinated in Dallas, Texas 2. Lyndon B. Johnson becomes next President of U.S.

More Related