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World War II. Key Acts of Aggression by the Axis Powers. The Axis powers form the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis. They agree to fight Soviet communism and not to stop each other from foreign conquests. 1931- Japan invades China 1935 – Italy invades Ethiopia 1939 – Germany takes Poland.
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Key Acts of Aggression by the Axis Powers The Axis powers form the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis. They agree to fight Soviet communism and not to stop each other from foreign conquests. • 1931- Japan invades China • 1935 – Italy invades Ethiopia • 1939 – Germany takes Poland
The Allies • At first just France& Britain. • Later joined by the Soviet Union, China, and the United States.
Battle of Stalingrad • In 1941 the Nazis invade the Soviet Union. • They advance quickly until stalling outside of Moscow. They decide to head south to try to take Stalingrad. • Russian troops and a harsh winter force the Nazis to surrender in 1943. • The Germans are driven out of Russia and soon the Russians begin advancing toward Germany.
El Alamein • Nazi General Erwin Rommel gained many victories in North Africa in 1941 and 1942. • In the Battle of El Alamein British forces in Egypt stop Rommel’s advance and trap Rommel’s army with the help of American forces advancing from the west.
Invasion of Italy • After being victorious in North Africa, British and American forces were now free to invade Italy in 1943. • Hitler is forced to send German troops to Italy. • As he does his forces in the West are weakened.
Normandy (D-Day Invasion) • Charles De Gaulle had set up a French government in exile in Britain. • With Germany’s forces in the west weakened, Allied forces are ferried across the English Channel to the beaches of Normandy.
Over 3.5 million troops surged up a 60 mile stretch of beach to make it inland. • After a bloody battle the allied forces are able to break through German defenses and advance toward Paris. • Allied forces take Paris back from the Germans and then move towards Germany.
VE day • Hitler makes one last attempt to split allied forces in the west (Battle of the Bulge) as Russian forces move on Berlin from the East. • At this time Hitler Prepares to take his own life in an underground bunker in Berlin. He and his new wife Eva Braun take poison and Hitler shoots himself. The bodies are pulled out of the bunker and burned.
VE Day (Victory in Europe) occurred on May 8th 1945 when Germany finally surrendered. • Fighting continued with Japan until August of 1945.
Japan • Japanese leaders want to establish a Japanese empire. • In 1931 Japan takes Manchuria (a Chinese territory). • The League of Nations condemns the move. • Japan withdraws from the League of Nations
Japan • After receiving no repercussions Japan becomes bolder. • In very brutal fashion Japan invades the Chinese mainland and takes over the former Chinese Nationalist capital of Nanjing.
This brutal takeover becomes known as the “rape of Nanjing.” • Japan sets up a puppet government in the city and continues to take more territory from China.
United States Entry into the War • United States originally declares neutrality in the war. • In August of 1941, Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) meets with Winston Churchill and states that the US has a common desire with Britain to end Nazi tyranny.
The United States aids Britain by sending weapons and supplies. • The United States also bans the sale of weapons to Japanto stop their aggression in Asia.
Pearl Harbor • Angered by the ban of arms sales to Japan the Japanese launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, a US military base in Hawaii. • More then 2,400 people are killed and several battleships, carriers, and aircraft are destroyed. • FDR asks congress for permission to declare war and the US joins the Allies.
War in the Pacific / Midway • Japanese Naval Commander IsorokuYamamotoplanned an attack on Us carriers based at Midway atoll. • US communications intelligence intercepted the plan and the American fleet was able to ambushthe Japanese fleet. • This was a disaster for the Japanese and a major turning point in the war in the Pacific.
Iwo Jima & Okinawa • In March 1945 American Marines took the Island of Iwo Jima after a month of fighting. • Two months later in the bloodiest battle of the war in the Pacific Americans took the Island of Okinawa. In the battle 110,000 Japanese troops died and 12,500 American troops were lost.
War in the Pacific (Summarized) • In what was called “Island hopping” American forces in the Pacific gradually moved north towards Japan. • Large naval battles took place in the Pacific and most of the Japanese Navy and Air Force was destroyed by the summer of 1945. • The Japanese army however was still strong and they refused to surrender even though American forces had already begun to bomb Japanese cities.
The Atom Bomb • After achieving victory in Europe the Allies turned their attention to defeating Japan. • Finally on August 6th of 1945 an American plane called the “Enola Gay” dropped the first of two atom bombs on Hiroshima, Japan.
Results of the Bombs • The bomb flattened four square miles of the city and killed 70,000 people. • The second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan killing another 40,000 people. • Finally Emperor Hirohito forced his government to surrender. • On September 10th 1945 Japan signed a peace treaty aboard the battleship USS Missouri.
Total War • Civilians are killed all over the world during WWII. • Democratic governments increase their power and put temporary limits on civil rights for the protection of the nation. • JapaneseAmericans are placed in internment camps. Kenji by Fort Minor • People bought war bonds to help finance the war. • Prices and wages were fixed and consumer goods were rationed.
Total War • The US uses its workforce and resources to engineer what is later called a “production miracle.” At one point accounting for 25 percent of the industrial production in the world. • Auto makers and other industries convert to making military equipment and are able to meet the needs of the military. • Womenreplace men in factories.
Death Toll • Over 75 million killed total. • 38 million dead in Europe alone. • 22 million Russians are killed. • More than 400,000 American troops were killed. • Over 110,000 killed instantly by atom bombs plus many thousand more radiation deaths.
Other Fallout from WWII • 22 Nazi leaders were tried at the Nuremburg trials for war crimes. Some were given the death penalty and others received prison time. • Similar trials took place in Italy & Japan. • Germany is split by the Allied powers and divided in two. The west being democratic and the east being communist. (Berlin Wall) • Russia occupies much of the east and sets up communist governments.
