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The Immune System

Explore the fascinating world of the immune system, from the lines of defense such as skin and mucous membranes to the roles of white blood cells, interferon, and antibodies. Discover how the immune system recognizes and eradicates viruses, bacteria, and cancer cells. Learn about the crucial role of macrophages and T cells in keeping the body healthy and how the immune system responds to threats with memory and specificity. Delve into the complex processes of phagocytosis, cytokine release, and antibody production in this comprehensive guide to the body's defense system.

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The Immune System

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  1. The Immune System

  2. Lines of Defense • 1. Skin and mucous membranes • 2.Celia in respiratory system • 3.Fever • 4.Mechanical actions (coughing,sneezing,etc.) • 5.White blood cells (lymphocytes) • 6.Interferon (fights viruses and cancers)

  3. 3 Factors to remember • 1. Memory- response is quicker when the same antigen is introduced a second time • 2. Specificity-Immunity is specific to 1 antigen. There are approximately 1 billion lymphocytes specific for approximately 1 million different antigens. • 3. Recognition of non-self

  4. Phagocytes • These are feeding cells. • Macrophages are considered the “foot soldiers” of the immune system • Duties of the macrophage: • A large feeding cell that can suddenly increase its area in order to surround and enclose an enemy. • Shoots out a kind of sticky cytoplasm (pseudopods) which adhere to bacteria in order to pull in its prey.

  5. Vacuums dead cells in system during an infection • Releases interleuken 1 which alarms t cells • Produces growth factors which help to heal tissue during infections • Produces enzymes which annihilate bacteria

  6. Macrophage

  7. Virus And Bacteria

  8. Immune System on Alert

  9. Cancer cell attacked by CD8 (Killer) cell

  10. T cells Killer t cell

  11. T-cells attacking a cancer cell

  12. Immunoglobulins • Antibodies belong to a family of large molecules called Immunoglobulins • IgG—coats microbes-crosses placenta • IgM-effective in killing bacteria—usually in blood stream • IgE-protect against parasites-responsible for allergies • IgA-concentrates in body fluids-tears, respiratory tract, digestive tract-guards entrances to the body-found in colustrum • IgD-in umbilical cord

  13. Anaphylactic Allergic Reaction

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