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The immune system

The Body’s Army. The immune system. Infectious Diseases. Viruses Human body is the only thing that can defeat a virus since it is not a living thing Some can be prevented with vaccinations Examples: flu, common cold, smallpox, chicken pox, AIDS, viral pneumonia

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The immune system

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  1. The Body’s Army The immune system

  2. Infectious Diseases • Viruses • Human body is the only thing that can defeat a virus since it is not a living thing • Some can be prevented with vaccinations • Examples: flu, common cold, smallpox, chicken pox, AIDS, viral pneumonia • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ

  3. Infectious Diseases • Bacteria • Pathogen – organism that causes disease (not all bacteria are pathogenic to humans) • They affect the body by • Producing toxins or poisons • Killing or damaging cells in certain parts of the body • Most can be killed by medicines such as antibiotics since they are living organisms • Examples: strep throat, tetanus, pneumonia, food poisoning • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqOVYpkZ0qs&NR=1

  4. Infectious Diseases • Protists • Act like parasites as they move throughout a host • Disease-causing protists are usually spread by contaminated water and food or by bites or contact with some animal • Examples: malaria, African sleeping sickness, amoebic dysentery • http://www.bing.com/videos/watch/video/malaria-lifecycle/c1f4276d8612c38f6f63c1f4276d8612c38f6f63-764068627082?q=malaria+life+cycle&FROM=LKVR5&GT1=LKVR5&FORM=LKVR

  5. Infectious Diseases • Fungus • Occur when people come in contact with the spores of the fungus • Very difficult to treat and often will recur • Examples: ringworm, athlete's foot, lung infections • Penicillin is a fungus that is used to fight bacterial infections

  6. Infectious Diseases • Parasites • Parasite – organism that lives off of and harms another organism • Host – the organism that a parasite infects • Enter the body through contaminated water or food, direct contact with the parasite, undercooked food, food that has not been properly cleaned and cuts in the skin • Examples: elephantitis, bedbug bites, tapeworms, trichinosis

  7. Infectious Diseases • Parasites • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMqtC8jXvTw&feature=BFa&list=SP85C902E5A8A1D956&index=24 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90exkFR2iSM&feature=relmfu • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdR2U-0yPLc&NR=1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqjMYEfViKA&feature=related

  8. Immune System http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/_bfs_ISmoviesource.html • Complex system of organs, tissues and specialized cells whose primary function is to defend the body from infectious organisms and other foreign invaders • Uses the skin, circulatory system, respiratory system and digestive system to help protect the body from pathogens

  9. Body’s Defense Systems • First Line of Defense – Barriers • Skin – forms a physical and chemical barrier • Breathing passages – mucus and cilia trap potential pathogens and a sneeze or cough can remove pathogens • Mouth – enzymes in saliva destroy some pathogens • Stomach – acid in stomach destroys many pathogens • Pancreas and liver release enzymes that can destroy pathogens

  10. Body’s Defense Systems • Second Line of Defense – Inflammatory Response • http://www.dnatube.com/video/342/Inflammatory-Response • Caused by capillaries in an area enlarge to allow more blood to flood the area. • Fluid and phagocytes leak into the surrounding tissue. Phagocytes are white blood cells that engulf (eat) and destroy pathogens. • The affected area becomes red, swollen and warm.

  11. Body’s Defense Systems • Third Line of Defense – Immune Response • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tBOmG0QMbA • Occurs when the pathogen gets in the circulatory systems • Fever – a rise in body temperature due to the inability of the white blood cells to completely destroy a pathogen • Antigen – molecules that the immune system recognizes as not part of the body (foreign)

  12. Body’s Defense Systems • Third Line of Defense – Immune Response • Types of White Blood Cells (WBC) • Phagocytes – engulf and destroy pathogens • Lymphocytes – WBC that target specific pathogens • T cells – identifies pathogens by recognizing their antigens • B cells – produce antibodies that bind to a pathogen’s antigens and mark it for destruction.

  13. Immunity • The body’s ability to destroy pathogens before they can cause disease.

  14. The Immune System • It’s a war that is fought daily for your life!

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