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New Maritime Technologies and First Spanish Conquests: Exploration and Colonization in the Age of Discovery

This chapter delves into the advancements in maritime technology, like the astrolabe and compass, and the conquests by explorers such as Columbus, Cortes, and Pizarro, leading to the colonization of the New World. The text explores the motives of the era—political, economic, and religious—and the impact of the Columbian Exchange in shaping the colonial period.

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New Maritime Technologies and First Spanish Conquests: Exploration and Colonization in the Age of Discovery

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  1. “The West and the World” Chapter 17

  2. New Maritime Technologies Better Maps [Portulan] Hartman Astrolabe(1532) Mariner’s Compass Sextant

  3. New Weapons Technology

  4. Prince Henry, the Navigator • School for Navigation, 1419

  5. European trade routes

  6. Christopher Columbus [1451-1506]

  7. explorers

  8. Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World:Early 16c

  9. Spanish Exploration • Columbus • Balboa • Cortes • Pizarro • De Leon • De Soto • Coronado • Vespucci

  10. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1434& The Pope’s Line of Demarcation, 1493

  11. Direct Causes = 3 G’s • Political: Become a world power through gaining wealth and land. (GLORY) • Economic: Search for new trade routes with direct access to Asian/African luxury goods would enrich individuals and their nations (GOLD) • Religious: spread Christianity and weaken Middle Eastern Muslims. (GOD) • The 3 motives reinforce each other

  12. The First Spanish Conquests:The Aztecs vs. Montezuma II Fernando Cortez 400 soldiers, 100 sailors, and--most importantly--between 10 and 20 horses. Empire of 25,000,000

  13. Aztecs Surrender to Cortez

  14. The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas vs. Atahualpa Francisco Pizarro Incan Empire of 20,000,000 3 ships, 180 men and 27 cavaliers.

  15. The “Columbian Exchange”

  16. Columbian Exchange • New Worlddomesticatedanimalsdogsllamasguinea pigsfowl (a few species) • Old Worlddomesticatedanimalsdogshorsesdonkeyspigscattlegoatssheepbarnyard fowl

  17. COLONIAL PERIOD COLONIZATION IS A NATURAL OUTGROWTH OF EXPLORATION MERCANTILISM • COLONIES EXIST TO BENEFIT THE MOTHER COUNTRY 3 MAJOR COUNTRIES TOOK THE LEAD IN COLONIZING THE NEW WORLD • SPAIN • FRANCE • ENGLAND

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