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Instrument til vurdering af kvalitative studier

Instrument til vurdering af kvalitative studier. v/ Linda Schumann Scheel, sygeplejerske, cand.pæd. Ph.d. Næstformand i Det Videnskabelige Råd i Center for Kliniske Retningslinjer Dansk Sygeplejeselskab (dasys) Dokumentationskonference 16. september 2011 Aarhus Universitetshospital, Skejby

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Instrument til vurdering af kvalitative studier

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  1. Instrument til vurdering af kvalitative studier v/ Linda Schumann Scheel, sygeplejerske, cand.pæd. Ph.d. Næstformand i Det Videnskabelige Råd i Center for Kliniske Retningslinjer Dansk Sygeplejeselskab (dasys) Dokumentationskonference 16. september 2011 Aarhus Universitetshospital, Skejby .

  2. Hvorfor kvalitative studier- i relation til kliniske retningslinjer? Resultater fra kvalitative studier som evidens for praksis: • For at forstå hvordan individer og grupper opfatter sundhed, klarer deres egen sundhed og foretager beslutninger i forhold til brug af sundheds-ydelser/systemet. • Øge vores forståelse af kulturen i fællesskaber og sundhedsenheder i relation til at implementere forandringer og overvinde barriere ved at anvende ny viden og teknikker. • Informere planlæggere og ansvarlige hvordan brugerne af ydelserne oplever sundhed og sygdom samt sundhedssystemet. • Evaluere elementer og aktiviteter af sundhedsydelser der ikke kan måles som kvantitative resultater (som f.eks. sundhedsfremme og samfunds- udviklingen). www.joannabriggs--.edu.au

  3. Erfaringer fra NICE National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Budskab: Der er brug for træning i hvordan kvalitativ vurdering og syntese af kvalitativ evidens foretages til brug for kliniske retningslinjer. • Af 49 kliniske retningslinjer publiceret af NICE fra 2003-2006 havde 45 pct. (22/49) kvalitative studier som evidens for anbefalinger til klinisk praksis. • De kvalitative studier, der blev anvendt i NICE guidelines, steg i perioden fra: 9 studier i 2003, 41studier i 2004, 60 studier i 2005 og 139 studier i 2006. Tan TPY, Stokes T, Shaw EJ (2009). Use of qualitative research as evidence in the clinical guideline program of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. International Journal Evidence Based Healthcare 2009;7:169-172

  4. Erfaringer fra NICE National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Måder de kvalitative undersøgelser blev gengivet: • Inkonsistens i terminologien i beskrivelsen af de kvalitative design af studierne. • Mangel på standardiseret søgestrategi og/eller søgeproces til at udvælge studierne fra databaser. • Mangel på standardiseret tilgang til kvalitativ vurdering og mangelfuld beskrivelse af, hvordan den identificerede evidens blev brugt i anbefalingerne i den pågældende guideline. Tan TPY, Stokes T, Shaw EJ (2009). Use of qualitative research as evidence in the clinical guideline program of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. International Journal Evidence Based Healthcare 2009;7:169-172

  5. Erfaringer fra NICE (fortsat) Temaer i de 22 kliniske retningslinjer med kvalitativ evidens: • Patienters (og/eller plejepersonalets) erfaringer, forståelse, opfattelser og perspektiver på sygdom/tilstand • Patienters (og/eller plejepersonalets) erfaringer, opfattelser og perspektiver på ydelser, pleje og behandling samt interventioner • Uddannelse og information som patienter, pårørende og/eller sundhedsprofessionelle har brug for • Behov for støtte til patient og/eller sundhedsprofessionelle • Kommunikation med patienten • Personalets holdninger og perspektiver til behandling og pleje, uddannelse og træningsbehov • Patienters valg og præferencer (beslutningstagning i relation til behandling) Tan TPY, Stokes T, Shaw EJ (2009). Use of qualitative research as evidence in the clinical guideline program of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. International Journal Evidence Based Healthcare 2009;7:169-172

  6. Vurdering af kvaliteten - i kvalitative studier CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) • anbefales af Center for Kliniske Retningslinjer til vurdering af kvaliteten af kvalitative studier. Hensigten er: • at CASP benyttes af de arbejdsgrupper, som udarbejder kliniske retningslinjer, til vurdering af kvaliteten af de kvalitative artikler, der evt. anvendes under området patient perspektiv i baggrunds-afsnittet i kliniske retningslinjer. (Videnskabeligt Råd, referat 6. oktober 2010) http://www.kliniskeretningslinjer.dk/images/file/CASP%20instrumentet.pdf http://www.casp-uk.net/homepage/

  7. Hvorfor CASP? Instrumentet: • er let forståeligt og nemt at anvende • har indledende screeningsspørgsmål, svares nej fortsættes ikke • har dækkende spørgsmål uden at være for detaljere • har tekstmæssige udformning, der læner sig op af den kvalitative tilgang • er almen kendt og anvendt CASP er udarbejdet i 1993 med støtte af NHS. http://www.kliniskeretningslinjer.dk/images/file/CASP%20instrumentet.pdf

  8. CASPInstrumentet oversættes ikke til dansk • Den originale engelske udgave, idet det kan være en fordel i forhold til at genfinde områderne i artiklerne, da disse som oftest vil være på engelsk. • Bibeholdelse af en engelsk version vil kunne hjælpe arbejdsgruppe til at besvare de spørgsmål som er i instrumentet. • Instrumentet revurderes, som alle andre instrumenter, af Det Videnskabelige Råd om 2 år. www.kliniskeretningslinjer.dk

  9. Three broad issues To beconsideredwhenappraising the report of qualitative studies: • Rigor: Has a thorough and appropriate approach beenapplied to key research methods in the study? • Credibility: are the findingswellpresented and meaningful? • Relevance: howusefulare the findings to you and your organisation?

  10. Kvalitative studier- eksempler Elderly persons’ experiences of living with venous leg ulcer: living in a dialectal relationship between freedom and imprisonment, (Ebbeskog & Ekman 2001). Question: What’s it like to live with a leg ulcer? Method: phenomenological- hermeneutical approach A forever healing: The lived experience of venous ulcer disease, (Chase & Melloni 1997). Question: What is the lived experience of healing a venous ulcer for patients treated in an ambulatory surgical clinic? Method: phenomenological approach Body care experienced by people hospitalized with servere respiratory disease (Lomborg K, Bjørn A, Dahl R, Kirkevold M 2005). Question: (a) How patients with COPD perceive personal body care (b) What it is like to be assisted with personal body care in a hospital setting under circumstances of dependency caused primarily by breathlessness (c) How patiens manage the performance of APBS (assisted personal body care) Method: A grounded theory methodology approach

  11. CASP - de 10 spørgsmål Screening Questions • Was there a clear statement of the aims of the research? Yes/No • Is a qualitative methodology appropriate? Yes/No Detailed questions • Appropriate research design • Sampling • Data collection • Reflexivity (research partnership relations/recognition of researcher bias) • Ethical issues • Datanalysis • Findings • Value of the research http://www.kliniskeretningslinjer.dk/images/file/CASP%20instrumentet.pdf http://www.casp-uk.net/homepage/

  12. CASP – spørgsmål 1 og 2 Screening questions • Wasthere a clear statement of the aims of the research? Yes/No Consider: • What the goal of the research was • Why it is important • Itsrelevance • Is a qualitativemethodologyapporopriate? Yes/No Consider: • If the research seeks to interpret or illuminate the actions and/or subjectiveexperiences of research participants Is it worthcontinuing?

  13. CASP – spørgsmål 3 og 4 Appropriate research design • Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research? Consider: • if the researcher has justified the research design (e.g. Have the discussed how they decided which methods to use? Sampling • Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorours? Consider: • if the researcher has explained how the participants were selected • If they explained why the participants they selected were the most appropriate to provide access to the type of knowledge sought by the study • If there are any discussions aroud recruitment (e.g. Why som people chose not to take part)

  14. CASP – spørgsmål 5 og 6 Data collection • Where the data collected in a way that addressed the research issue? Consider; • if the setting for data collection was justified • if it is clear how data were collected (e.g. Focus group, semi-structured interview etc.) • if the researcher has justified the methods chosen • etc. Reflexivity (research partnership relations/recognition of researcher bias) • Has the relationship between researcher and participants been adequately considered? Consider: • If the researcher critically examined their own role, potential bias and influence during: • Formulation of research questions • Datacollection, including sample recruitment and choice of location • etc.

  15. CASP – spørgsmål 7 og 8 Ethical Issues • Have ethical issues been taken into consideration? Consider: • If there are sufficient details of how the research was explained to participants for the reader to assess whether ethical standards were maintained • If the researcher has discuss issues raised by the study (e.g. issuses around informed consent or confidentiality or how they have handled the effects of the study on the participants during and after the study) • etc. Data Analysis • Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorus? Consider: • If there is an in-depth description of the analysis proces • If thematic analysis is used. If so, is it clear how the categories/themes were derived from the data? • etc.

  16. CASP – spørgsmål 9 og 10 Findings • Is there a clear statement of findings? Consider: • if the findings are explicit • if there is adequate discussion of the evidence both for and against the researcher’s arguments • if the researcher has discussed the credibility of their findings (e.g. Triangulation, respondent, validation, more than one analyst.) Value for the research 10. How valuable is the research? Consider • If the researcher discusses the contributon the study makes to existing knowledge or understanding (e.g. Do they consider the findings in relation to current practice or policy, or relevant research-based literature?) • If they identify new areas where research is necessary • etc.

  17. Kliniske retningslinjer- i Center for Kliniske Retningslinjer, september 2011 • Sukkervand og modermælk som smerte-profylakse ved stikprocedurer hos nyfødte børn • Rygestop-interventioner i relation til et kirurgisk indgreb hos patienter der er daglige rygere. • Pleje og håndtering af centralt venekateter og permanent central intravenøs port hos voksne (>19 år) patienter. • Rensning af akutte og kroniske sår: Sæbe, skyllevæsker og skylletryk. • Ernæring til patienter indlagt med KOL i exacerbation. • Non-invasiv temperaturmåling hos voksne (19+ år) indlagte patienter. • Tidlig opsporing af kritisk sygdom hos voksne patienter indlagt på et sengeafsnit. • Identifikation af behov for mundpleje og udførelse af tandbørstning hos voksne hospitalsindlagte patienter. • Håndhygiejne • Forebyggelse af trykskader hos patienter med hoftebrud. • Akupunktur til behandling af postoperativ kvalme og opkastning til patienter i opvågningsafsnit. • Forebyggelse og behandling af hudreaktioner forårsaget af ekstern stråleskader til patienter med kræft. (flere er undervejs)

  18. Vurdering af kvalitative studier Spørgsmål?

  19. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hi4bR_cTS84

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