Presentation Transcript

1. World War II

   1939-1945
2. Major Dates September 1, 1939 Germany invades Poland – Start of War September 3, 1939 Britain and France declare war on Germany December 7, 1941 Japan bombs Pearl Harbor – USA enters war May 1945 Germany Surrenders September 1945 Japan Surrenders
3. Who Allies Axis Germany Hitler Italy Mussolini Japan Tojo Great Britain Churchill U.S.A. F.D.R. and Truman USSR Stalin France Surrendered to Germany-1940
4. Why World War II ? Treaty of Versailles land lost Reparations Germany becomes bankrupt World Wide Depression Germany’s debt increases scapegoats are created Rise of Totalitarian Regions Fascism (Spain, Germany, Italy) Communism (USSR) Military Dictatorship (Japan)
5. Why World War II ? Isolationism U.S.A. Great Depression Perceptions of World War I Pacifism Appeasement Began with Japan Manchuria Italy Ethiopia (HaileSalessie) League of Nations=Sanctions Germany Sudetenland Munich Conference
6. What About Hitler ? Weimer Republic thought to be decadent and weak Great Depression provided solutions scapegoats Kristalhacht Fascism (military government based on racismand nationalism with strong support of business)
7. What About Hitler ?Continued… Hitler Wanted Lebensraum (Return Germany) Annexed Austria – 1938 Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) Munich Conference (appeasement) Nonaggression Pact/Nazi-Soviet Pact with USSR – gets half of Poland

8. World War II

   German Aggression
9. Spanish Civil War 1936–Nationalists vs. Republicans (Fascists) (Communists) Guerica (Spanish City) (Practice for Germany) Luftwaffe terror bombing 1,654 people killed Francisco Franco becomes leader of Spain
10. Anti ComminternPact 1936 – Germany and Japan fight Communism
11. Nazi-Soviet Pact - 1939 Nonaggression Pact – split Poland Germany – Fascists (extreme nationalism) USSR – Communism (international change and classless society) Shocked Europe Hitler used communism as excuse: Build up military Enter Rhinland Anticommintern Pact
12. World War II Begins September 1, 1939 – Germany attacks Poland Blitzkrieg 1st planes = panic 2nd tanks 3rd foot soldiers 1940 Germany goes through: Denmark Norway Netherlands Belgium
13. World War II BeginsContinued… Germany attacks France through mountains Dunkirk 300,000 rescued June 22, 1940 – France Surrenders Vichy Government established Germany Puppet Battle of Britain August – October 1940 Goal = destroy Britain’s air force “London Blitz” New technology saved Britain Failure called off in 1941
14. World War II BeginsContinued… Hitler went after USSR “Operation Babarossa” June 1941 – USSR attacked 3 million German troops USSR was no match Germans couldn’t withstand the Russian winter

15. World War II

    Allies Respond
16. U.S.A. Reaction Neutrality Acts Forbade sale of arms with any country at war Pacifism Opposition to all war Land – Lease Act Gave aid to Allies Atlantic Charter Issued by FDR and Churchill Set goals for war
17. Japan Attacks – December 7, 1941 Why? U.S.A. banned sale of oil because of Japan’s aggressive behavior towards Indo China December 8, 1941 U.S.A. declares war on Japan December 11, 1941 Germany, Italy, and Japan declare war on U.S.A.
18. Battle of the Atlantic Why? supplies Major Battles Coral Sea May 1942 = North East coast of Australia U.S.A. stops Japan’s advancement Midway June 1942 – island in the middle of the Pacific America’s Military Base U.S. broke Japan’s code U.S. destroyed 4 Japanese carriers
19. Battle of the AtlanticContinued… Guadalcanal August 1942 - February 1943 = Solomon Islands Island hopping (capture weak targets) Allies captured Solomon, Gilbert, Marshall, Caroline, and Mariana Islands Leyte Gulf October 1944 = Allies win Philippines
20. Battle in Africa Suez Canal = oil supplies from Middle East El Alamein = Egypt 1940-1943 Allies win because Italy was weak and Germans lacked supplies moved north to Italy
21. U.S.S.R. Siege of Leningrad German blockaded 1 million Soviets starved Stalingrad = Volga River = 1942 City produced weapons Ports shipped grain and oil Stalin “hold at all coasts” Germans defeated and surrounded by Soviets Beginning of German failure

22. World War II

    End of World War II
23. War Ends in Europe 1943 = Stalingrad Soviets push back Germans June 6, 1944 = D-Day Allies invaded France Secured Normandy Beach December 1944 = Battle of Bulge German counterattacked in Belgium Pushed back Allies (“Bulge”) January 1945 = Allies win Allies race to Berlin Soviets get there in April
24. War Ends in EuropeContinued… April 28, 1945 Mussolini was executed by his people (Italians) May 2, 1945 Hitler found dead May 7, 1945 V-E Day (Victory in Europe) Allies win war over in Europe
25. War Ends in the Pacific February 1945 = Iwo Jima 750 miles south of Japan 7,000 Americans dead 20,000 Japanese dead Month long battle Battle of Okinawa 350 miles from Japan 12,000 Americans dead 100,000 Japanese dead Atomic Bomb Used energy by splitting atoms Began in 1939 – tested July 1945
26. War Ends in the PacificContinued… May 1945 => FDR dies (Truman takes his place) July 26, 1945 => Allies demand that Japan surrenders August 6, 1945 => Hiroshima is bombed August 9, 1945 => Nagasaki is bombed August 15, 1945 => V-J Day (Victory over Japan) World War II now over in the Pacific
27. Effects of World War II Atlantic Charter July 1941 => FDR and Churchill Goals for war and peace Tehran, Iran November 1943 => FDR, Churchill, and Stalin Planned D-Day and future peace Yalta Conference Goal = Postwar Europe Created United Nations June 1945 => United Nations charter signed June 1945 => Potsdam Conference U.S.A. and USSR become world powers Conflict = Cold War