Klein Collins World History Coach Kappeler ; Room 194

1. Klein Collins World History Coach Kappeler; Room 194 • TODAY’s OBJECTIVES: • Summarize Aryan influence into India • Describe Hinduism • Describe Buddhism • Describe Confucianism • Explain the influence of each • AGENDA: • WARM-UP: • LECTURE & DISCUSSION • REVIEW • ASSIGNMENT for NEXT TIME:

2. Lecture Outline: Far East Religions and Philosophies PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

3. Lecture Outline:“Far East Religions and Philosophies” Aryans I. India Around 1500 B.C the Aryans enter the Indus River Valley and bring with them their Vedas. Sacred Literature and collection of prayers. Refer to themselves as “the nobles” and the natives dasas = “dark” later becomes known as slave Beginning of a Caste System = 4 Classes of India’s people Aryans were divided into 3 social classes; later 4 1. Brahmins / priests 2. Warriors 3. Peasants / traders Shudras – Non Aryan laborers or craftsmen 4. Varnas Religious beliefs mixed which resulted in belief of thousands of gods. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

4. Lecture Outline:“Far East Religions and Philosophies” Aryans I. Around 1500 B.C the Aryans enter the Indus River Valley and bring with them their Vedas. Sacred Literature and collection of prayers. Refer to themselves as “the nobles” and the natives dasas = “dark” later becomes known as slave Beginning of a Caste System Aryans were divided into 3 social classes; 1. Brahmins / priests 2. Warriors 3. Peasants / traders 4. Shudras – Non Aryan traders E. Mingling of the two people PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

5. Lecture Outline:“Far East Religions and Philosophies” Hinduism I. Origins and Beliefs Unable to trace back to one founder with single set of beliefs View religion as a way of liberating the soul from illusions, disappointments, and mistakes of everyday existence. Hindu teachers attempted to explain the Vedas. They meditated upon this and their answers became known as Upanishads. Upanishads are written dialogues or discussions between a student and teacher. Want to achieve liberation from desires and suffering = Moksha. A state of perfect understanding of all things. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

6. Lecture Outline:“Far East Religions and Philosophies” Hinduism Cntd: I. Origins and Beliefs Atman, the individual soul of a living being Brahman, the world soul that contains and unites all atmans When a person understands the relationship between atman and Brahman, that person achieves perfect understanding (Moksha) and a release from life in this world. Reincarnation, an individual soul or spirit is born again and again until Moksha is achieved. Karma, a soul’s good or bad deeds; follows from one reincarnation to another. Caste System. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

7. Lecture Outline:“Far East Religions and Philosophies” Hinduism Cntd: I. Changes and Developments Brahman sometimes seen as having three personalities: Brahma, the creator; Vishnu, the protector; Shiva, the destroyer Today: Hindus are free to choose the diety they worship or to choose none at all Also free to choose the path for achieving Moksha Path of right thinging. Path of right action Path of religious devotion PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

8. Lecture Outline:“Far East Religions and Philosophies” Hinduism Cntd: I. Changes and Society Caste System Beliefs of Hinduism and the caste structure dominate every aspect of a person’s life What one could eat How one ate it Personal Cleanliness People one could associate with How on dressed. II. New Religions Jainism, founded by Mahavira, believed that everything in the universe has a soul and so should not be harmed Sweep paths in front of them and wear gauze masks Look for occupations that involve not harming any creature. Trade and commerce Due to their business activities, they make up one of the wealthiest communities in India. Preach tolerance for all religions PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

9. Lecture Outline:“Far East Religions and Philosophies” Buddhism: Founded by Siddhartha Gautama Destined for greatness before birth Decides to spend life in search of religious truth and an end to suffereing At 29, leaves palace and wander’s forests of India for six years in search of Enlightenment, or wisdom. After 49 days of meditation, he achieved an understanding of the cause of suffering in this world. From this point on he was known as Buddha, “the enlightened one” PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

10. Lecture Outline:“Far East Religions and Philosophies” Buddhism: Origins and Beliefs First sermon to his 5 companions he laid out four main ideas. The Four Noble Truths Everything in life is suffering and sorrow The cause of all suffering is people’s selfish desire for the temporary pleasures of this world. The way to end all suffering is to end all desires. The way to overcome such desires and attain Enlightenment is to follow the Eightfold Path, which is called the Middle Way between desires and self-denial. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

11. Lecture Outline:“Far East Religions and Philosophies” Buddhism: Seeking Enlightenment Follow the Eightfold Path Following this you reach Nirvana, Buddha’s word for release from selfishness and pain. Like a staircase; must master one step at a time Right Views Right Intentions Right Speech Right Livelihood Right Effort Right Mindfulness Right Concentration Right Resolve (Actions/Conduct) PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

12. Lecture Outline:“Far East Religions and Philosophies” Buddhism: Buddhism Religious Society Five disciples that heard Buddha’s first sermon were the first monks admitted to a sangha, or Buddhist religious order. Sangha has come to refer to the entire religious community Three Jewels of Buddhism Religious community Buddha The dharma, or the Buddhist doctrine or law. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

13. Lecture Outline:“Far East Religions and Philosophies” Buddhism: Buddhism and Society Rejected the caste system; many early followers included laborers and craftspeople. Had a strong following in northeast India; Aryans didn’t have as strong of an influence there. Allowed women but only reluctantly; fear that they would distract the men from their religious duties. Monks and Nuns; vow of poverty II. Following Buddha’s death Missionaries spread to Southeast Asia and to Central Asian trade routes = China. Never gained a foothold in India; Hinduism might have absorbed Buddhism. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

14. Lecture Outline:“Far East Religions and Philosophies” Confucianism: Founded by Confucius. China’s most influential scholar during the Zhou Dynasty that was being torn apart by warring lords. Believed social order, harmony, and good government could be restored in China if society was organized around five basic relationships. Ruler and subject Father and son Husband and wife Older brother and younger brother Friend and friend a. Rulers should practice kindness and virtuous living. b. In return, subjects should be loyal and law-abiding. C. Children practice filial piety, respect for their parents and elders. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

15. Lecture Outline:“Far East Religions and Philosophies” Confucianism: Confucianism Cntd. Students collected his works in a book called Analects. Set the groundwork for the creation of a bureaucracy, a trained civil service or those who run the government. Education became critically important to career advancement in the bureaucracy. Never was a religion but was an ethical system. Became the foundation for Chinese government and social order. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.