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World War II

World War II. AP U.S. History. Demagogue Fascism Totalitarianism. A leader who obtains power by means of appealing to the emotions and prejudices of the populace.

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World War II

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  1. World War II AP U.S. History

  2. Demagogue Fascism Totalitarianism A leader who obtains power by means of appealing to the emotions and prejudices of the populace. Totalitarian government led by a dictator emphasizing aggressive nationalism, militarism, and sometimes racism. “We have buried the putrid corpse of liberty.”-Mussolini Political authority exercises absolute and centralized control over all aspects of life. Vocabulary

  3. Nazism Communism Racist nationalism, national expansion, and state control of the economy. Government where the state plans and controls the economy and a single, often authoritarian party holds power. All goods are equally shared by the people. Vocabulary

  4. Unhappiness. Political unrest. Rise of demagogues. Play on despair and nationalist hatreds. Resolve to expand territorially by military conquest. Worldwide Depression

  5. Expansion • Japan: Seizes Manchuria and withdrawals from League of Nations. • 1937 captures China’s capital of Nanking. • Kill 300,000 men, women and children. • Italy: Fascist Dictator Benito Mussolini takes power in 1922. • 1935 attempt to conquer Ethiopia.

  6. Italy Benito Mussolini – Dictator Fascist Party In school children had to say “Mussolini is always right”.

  7. Expansion-Germany • 1933: Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor. • Combines militaristic rhetoric with white supremacy. • Nazi (National Socialists) • Quickly becomes dictator. • Renounce disarmament of Versailles. • Make Germany center of new civilization. • Build up army to 500,000 to conquer Europe.

  8. Soviet Union Joseph Stalin – Dictator Totalitarian State – 1 party rule. No competition. Killed all that opposed him Government owned farms. Improved production?

  9. Expansion-Germany • 1935:Lebensraum: Acquire more living space and farm land through territorial expansion. (pop. Growing) • 1935: Pass Nuremberg laws. No civil rights for Jews. • 1938: Gains Austria Peaceful. • 1938: British O.K. seizure of Sudetenland. • 1938: Takes Sudetenland (region in Czechoslovakia next to Germany) • 1938:Kristallnacht. • Nov 9: attack on Jewish people, homes, business • Means the night of broken glass • March, 1939: Seizes rest of Czechoslovakia.

  10. War • 1939: Britain promises to defend Poland. • 1939: Italy and Germany sign Pact of Steel to help each other in the event of war. • 1939: Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression pact was signed by Germany and Russia. • Split up Poland. • 1939: Invade Poland. • September, 1939: Britain & France declare war on Germany.

  11. Blitzkrieg • “lightning war” • Fast invasion of Poland • Planes bombed • Tanks • Thousands of soldiers • Soviet reaction • Moved into east Poland • Agreement w/ Germany to split the land

  12. Gallup Polls, 1938–1940

  13. U.S. Isolationism • Nye Committee. • Promote neutrality and isolationism • Pass 3 neutrality acts in 1935, 1936, 1937. • Authorize the President to deny American firms the right to sell or ship war materials to belligerent nations.

  14. U.S. Isolationism • College students oppose war • 39% would refuse to fight. • 33% would fight if we were attacked first. • America First Committee. • Think of America first • Henry Ford • Charles Lindbergh

  15. FDR Gets Ready for War • 1937: FDR gets $1B to enlarge navy. • Need to trade to make $. • U.S. refuses to trade with Axis powers • Neutrality Act of 1939 • Permitted sale of arms to G.B., France, and China • 1940: Depression ends.

  16. Preparation for War • Lend-Lease: congress formally authorizing lend-lease of military goods to G.B. • Selective Service Act (1940): 1st Peacetime draft. • 1.4 mill men to training camps • Hemispheric Defense: $ for ships & planes. • Atlantic Charter • Meeting b/t FDR and Churchill to discuss war and post war plans

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  18. Japan • Sept., 1940: Joins Italy & Germany. • Conquer all of Southeast Asia. • Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos), Burma and India. • 1940: U.S. sends Pacific Fleet to HI. • U.S. cuts off oil supplies and freezes Japanese assets in U.S. • U.S. breaks Japanese code late in 1941. • Know they are going to attack somewhere in Pacific Islands. Philippines? • Knock U.S. out with one blow. • 12/7/41 2 hours of bombing destroy 200 planes, kill 2400 and injured 1200.

  19. Mobilization • Dec 8, 1941 FDR asks for declaration of war. • Congress declares war

  20. Government Growth • Creates Office of Strategic Services . • Government grows 10x from New Deal. • $250M a day to fight war. • Defense spending increases from $9M to $98M. • Federal employees grow from 1M (1940) to 4M in 1945. • Must out produce enemy. • War Production Board

  21. War Production • Business • Military contracts. • Low interest loans to expand factories. • Tax write offs. • 100 largest corporations get 70% of war contracts. • 500,000 small businesses close. • Production is best in west. • South: Lifts sharecroppers up and into well paying jobs. • Rural population decreases 20%.

  22. New Workers • 200,000 Mexicans come to U.S. legally. • 46,000 Indians working in factories. • African Americans rise from 2.9M to 3.8M. • Women • Grow over 50% reaching 19.5M by 1945. • Majority are married, white and over 35. • 90% of African American women are already in workforce • Be ready to go back home. • Strikes • Wages increase by 50%, prices increase more. • Unpatriotic. • Use troops to break strikes. • Union membership increases from 10.5M to 14.7M.

  23. Home Front • Median age for marriage drops to 20 years of age. • “Share you home” campaign. • 1.5M families open their doors to family and strangers. • Women find it hard to manage home and work. • 40% of women leave jobs because of home life. • Child care is difficult and juvenile delinquency rises.

  24. Internment • 12/8/41: Executive Order 9066 (110,000) • Korematsu v. U.S. (1944): Constitutional due to National security. • 1988: U.S. Congress gives $20,000 and a public apology to the 60,000 surviving victims.

  25. “After all those years, having worked his whole life to build a dream-having it all taken away… My father died a broken man”

  26. Civil Rights • Double V Campaign • Victory @ home & abroad • A. Phillip Randolph organizes civil rights march. • FDR wants to stop the 100k planned to march on the Lincoln Memorial. • Executive Order 8802 (1941). • Banned discrimination in gov. & defense industries • Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). 1942 • NAACP grows from 50,000 to 450,000.

  27. Zoot Suit Riots • Los Angeles, June, 1943 • Sailors port & get into 200 cars and taxis in search of Mexican Americans dressed in zoot suits. • Sailors see it as a lack of patriotism • East Los Angeles. • Riot for five days. • 300,000 Mexican Americans are serving in armed forces. • Zootsuiters are 10% of population. • LA city council makes wearing a suit a criminal offense. • Fear they will be the next in the internment camps.

  28. Military • 16.4M men and women serve in armed forces. • 34% see combat. • 1/3 are turned away. • Dwight D. Eisenhower: Commander in Europe. • Gen. Douglas Macarthur: Commander of Pacific Theater. • Women are barred from combat. • Serve as nurses and clerical workers. • Government is worried about immorality of women. • African American • 1944: 10% of troops. • Few are allowed to rise to fighting or officer status. • race riots are frequent on bases.

  29. Tactics • Chief weapons are tanks and airplanes. • 1941: Unable to crush GB, Hitler focuses on Russia. • Conquer Russia before U.S. enters war. • Has to divert troops to help Italy in North Africa and Greece. • Enters into Russia at the end of June –too late to miss the winter. • June to September: Kills over 3M Russians. • February, 1943: More than 100,000 Germans surrender.

  30. War in the West • Germans and Italians surrender in Africa in May of 1943. • Jan. 1943: Churchill and Roosevelt meet. • Only accept unconditional surrender. • Stalin criticizes this statement. • It will make the enemy fight until their last breath. • 1943, Italy: King Vittorio Emmanuel dismisses Mussolini. • Executed in 1945.

  31. War in the West • D-Day: June 6, 1944. • 144,000 troops arrive on the shore of Normandy. • 20,000 vehicles. 1M Allied troops come ashore. • Battle of the Bulge: Most bloody battle since Gettysburg. • Germans surprise allies with 250,000 troops but eventually retreat. • Hitler recruited 16 year olds to fight in army. Retreat to Germany Christmas of 1944. • March 1945: Allies cross Rhine River. • Hitler commits suicide. • Nazi officials try and escape. • Surrender on May 8, 1945 (V-E Day).

  32. Holocaust • 6M Jews • 250,000 Gypsies • 60,000 Homosexuals • U.S.: 43% in 1943 believe Hitler is murdering Jews. • Patton and Eisenhower find concentration camps.

  33. Asia • Japan seizes Pacific after Hawaii. • China officially joins Allies after Pearl Harbor. • U.S. island hops. • Control pacific by October 1944. • Battle for Okinawa kills 200,000 Americans • Island just S of Japan • Kamikaze airplanes with 500 pound bomb. • Allies had asked Russia to invade Japan… • Now, don’t want Russia’s help • Doesn’t want Communism to spread

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