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Is this thing an animal? Why or why not?. Kingdom Animalia. What are the requirements to be an “ Animal ”? Two Divisions: Invertebrates 95% - 97% of all animals! Lack nerve cord protected by bony covering Vertebrates 3%-5% of all animals Have bony covering over nerve cord.
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Kingdom Animalia • What are the requirements to be an “Animal”? • Two Divisions: • Invertebrates • 95% - 97% of all animals! • Lack nerve cord protected by bony covering • Vertebrates • 3%-5% of all animals • Have bony covering over nerve cord
Animal Complexity • What MAJOR characteristics of animals determine their complexity? • What do you think?
Order the Phyla of Animals from LEAST Complex to MOST Complex • ChordataNematoda • EchinodermataArthropoda • MolluscaCnidaria • AnnelidaPorifera • Platyhelminthes • Use the handout and prior knowledge to put these phyla in order of complexity based on what your table thinks! • Give 1 example organism for each phylum. • Give 1 reason WHY you ordered the phyla this way. • NOTE: Today you are just getting exposure to these phyla; we will investigate them in depth soon!
MAJOR characteristics of complexity • 1. # of Germ Layers • 2. Body Symmetry • 3. Cephalization • 4. Segmentation • 5. Coelom – Absence/Presence • 6. Embryonic Development
Specialized Cells and Germ Layers • As organisms get more advanced they have more cell specialization, tissues, and organs • More advanced organisms have three germ layers • Ectoderm- Outside Layer • Mesoderm- Middle Layer • Endoderm- Inner layer
Body Symmetry • Asymmetry- no specific shape • Radial Symmetry- Symmetry along and plane around an organism • Bilateral Symmetry- A single imaginary plane could divide the organism in two Asymmetry (no symmetry)
Cephalization • Concentration of sense organs and nerve cells in the front of the body • Leads to development of nerve cord
Segmentation • Separate segments (parts) to an organism • Having major different segments is most complex
CoelomPronounced See-Loam • Coelom- Body Cavity • True coelom (coelomate) leads to complex organ systems
Protostome- blastula develops into the mouth first Deuterostome- blastula develops into the anus first; mouth second Chordates and Echinoderms (more advanced organisms) are deuterostomes Embryonic Development
Figure 32.7 A comparison of early development in protostomes and deuterostomes
Reproduction • Asexual – Budding/Regeneration • Hermaphroditic – male & female gametes • Separate Sexes
Review your complexity order… • Anything you would change?
Invertebrate Overview:Kingdom Animalia(The Actual Order of Complexity) Phylum Porifera -sponges Phylum Cnidaria -jellyfish, sea anemones Phylum Platyhelminthes -tapeworms, flukes Phylum Nematoda -pinworms, Ascaris *Phylum Mollusca -clams, squid, octopi *Phylum Annelida -earthworms, leeches Phylum Arthropoda -insects, crayfish Phylum Echinodermata -starfish, sand dollars *could reorder these two
