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Segregation, Discrimination, and the Fight for Equality in the Gilded Age America

This chapter explores the complexities of segregation and social injustice during the Gilded Age. It examines how Southern states undermined the 15th Amendment through tactics like poll taxes and literacy tests, the rise of Jim Crow laws, and the landmark Plessy v. Ferguson case. The chapter also highlights the responses of African Americans, including figures like Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois. Furthermore, it addresses the discrimination faced by Chinese immigrants, the struggles of Mexican Americans after the Mexican-American War, and early women's rights activism aimed at securing suffrage.

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Segregation, Discrimination, and the Fight for Equality in the Gilded Age America

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  1. Chapter 7 Issues of the Gilded Age

  2. 7.1 Segregation and Social Trends • Objectives: • Assess how whites created a segregated society in the South and how African Americans responded • Analyze efforts to limit immigration and the effects • Compare the situations of Mexican Americans and of women to those of other groups

  3. African Americans Lose Freedoms • Southern states got around the 15th amendment by enacting a poll tax • Literacy tests • Grandfather clauses • Jim Crow laws in South • Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 “separate but equal”

  4. African Americans Oppose Injustices • Booker T. Washington • Should focus energy building up economic resources and establishing reputations • Vocational education • W.E.B. Du Bois • Demand full and immediate equality • Ida B. Wells • Newspaper “Free Speech”

  5. Chinese Immigrants Face Discrimination • 1879-CA barred cities from employing people of Chinese ancestry • “Oriental” School • Chinese Exclusion Act-banned Chinese laborers from entering the country • Federal courts • YickWo v. Hopkins –people of Chinese descent born in U.S. could not be stripped of citizenship

  6. Mexican Americans Struggle in the West • Mexican-American War-after, Mexicans were guaranteed property rights • Burden of proof-lost land to Americans • Las GorrasBlancas • Group formed to get land back • Backed by the Knights of Labor

  7. Women Make Gains and Suffer Setbacks • Susan B. Anthony • Wanted women included in 14th and 15th amendments • Formed the National Woman Suffrage Association • Fought for the right to vote • Number of women attending college increased

  8. 7.2 Political and Economic Challenges • Objectives • Analyze the issue of corruption in national politics in the 1870s and 1880s • Discuss civil service reform during the 1870s and 1880s • Assess the importance of economic issues in the politics of the Gilded Age

  9. Balance of Power Creates Stalemate • Party loyalties were extremely even • Made it hard to pass laws • Weak Presidents • Hayes, Harrison, Garfield, Arthur • Pres. Cleveland was known for integrity

  10. Corruption in Politics • Many gov. officials accepted bribes • Political cartoons expressed concerns about the damaging effects of corruption and big money • Spoils System-gov. jobs to loyal party workers • Promoted civil service reform • Pendleton Civil Service Act: exam to get gov. job

  11. Economic Issues • Gold standard-gov. used gold as the basis of the nation’s currency • Debates on tariffs • Republicans-favored high tariffs=promote jobs • Democrats-said high tariffs increased costs and made it difficult to sell abroad

  12. Create your own! • Create a political cartoon for the Gilded age. • Any topic from Ch. 6 or 7 • Make sure you include • Caption • description of the drawing • Be creative!

  13. 7.3 Farmers and Populism • Objectives • Analyze the problems farmers faced and the groups they formed to address them • Assess the goals of the Populists, and explain why they Populist Party did not last

  14. Farmers Face Many Problems • 1870-1895 farm prices fell dramatically • Cost more to produce than they could get selling it • Tenement farmers • Blamed big business • Railroads and banks • Felt that gov. turned their back on them

  15. Organize and Seek Change • Oliver H. Kelley- • The Grange: org. to promote education on new techniques and called for the regulation of railroads • Farmers’ Alliance • Collectively sold crops and wanted government to establish “sub-treasuries”

  16. Populist Party • The People’s Party 1882 • “grass roots” and spread rapidly • Goals: • fight corruption • Increase monetary supply • gov. ownership of railroads

  17. Economic Crisis and Populism’s Decline • Election of 1896-Bryan (D) v. McKinley (R) • Bryan- • “Cross of Gold Speech” • Indorsed by Populists • McKinley • Much more $ than Bryan • Won election • Party fell apart after election • Some reforms did become a reality

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