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Chapter 7

Chapter 7 . Waking & Sleeping Rhythms. Chapter 7 . Waking Consciousness Sleep and Dreams Hypnosis Drugs and Consciousness Near –Death Experiences . 1. Waking Consciousness. Consciousness. 1. Waking Consciousness. A. Levels of Information Processing B. Daydreams & Fantasies .

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Chapter 7

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  1. Chapter 7 Waking & Sleeping Rhythms

  2. Chapter 7 • Waking Consciousness • Sleep and Dreams • Hypnosis • Drugs and Consciousness • Near –Death Experiences

  3. 1. Waking Consciousness • Consciousness

  4. 1. Waking Consciousness • A. Levels of Information Processing • B. Daydreams & Fantasies

  5. 2. Sleep & Dreams • A. Biological Rhythms • periodic physiological fluctuations controlled by internal “biological clocks” • Examples:

  6. 2. Sleep & Dreams • B. The Rhythm of Sleep • Circadian Rhythm

  7. 2. Sleep & Dreams • B. The Rhythm of Sleep • Sleep Stages – repeat every 90 min • .

  8. 2. Sleep & Dreams • B. The Rhythm of Sleep - Measuring sleep activity

  9. 2. Sleep & Dreams • Alpha Waves • Delta Waves • Hallucinations • B. The Rhythm of Sleep - Measuring sleep activity

  10. 2. Sleep & Dreams • B. The Rhythm of Sleep Measuring Sleep Activity: • REM (Rapid Eye Movement) Sleep • .

  11. Awake Sleep stages 1 2 3 REM 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hours of sleep 2. Sleep & Dreams

  12. Minutes of Stage 4 and REM Decreasing Stage 4 25 20 15 Increasing REM 10 5 0 1 2 5 6 7 8 3 4 Hours of sleep 2. Sleep & Dreams

  13. 2. Sleep & Dreams • C. Why do we Sleep?

  14. 2. Sleep & Dreams • C. Why do we Sleep? Sleep Deprivation Effects

  15. Accident frequency More sleep, fewer accidents Less sleep, more accidents 2,800 2,700 4,200 2,600 4000 2,500 3,800 2,400 3,600 Spring time change (hour sleep loss) Fall time change (hour sleep gained) Monday before time change Monday after time change 2. Sleep & Dreams • C. Why do we Sleep? - Sleep Deprivation Effects

  16. 2. Sleep & Dreams • C. Why do we Sleep? • Protection – • Recuperate – • Growth -

  17. 2. Sleep & Dreams • D. Sleep Disorders • Insomnia • Narcolepsy

  18. 2. Sleep & Dreams • D. Sleep Disorders • Sleep Apnea • Night Terrors

  19. 2. Sleep & Dreams • E. Dreams

  20. 2. Sleep & Dreams • E. Dreams Many explanations: • Freud

  21. 2. Sleep & Dreams • E. Dreams Many explanations: • As Information Processing • As a Physiological Function • REM Rebound

  22. 3. Hypnosis • Hypnosis • a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

  23. 3. Hypnosis • Susceptibility to hypnosis • Enhancing Recall of Forgotten Events

  24. 3. Hypnosis • Acting Against their Will

  25. 3. Hypnosis • As therapy • Alleviate pain

  26. Hypnosis • Dissociation • Hidden Observer

  27. 3. Hypnosis • Theories of Hypnosis • Social-influence theory – • Divided-consciousness theory –

  28. 3. Hypnosis

  29. 4. Drugs & consciousness • Psychoactive Drug A. Dependence & Addiction • Physical Dependence • Psychological Dependence

  30. 4. Drugs & consciousness A. Dependence & Addiction • Tolerance – • Withdrawal – • Myths

  31. Big effect Response to first exposure Drug effect After repeated exposure, more drug is needed to produce same effect Little effect Large Small Drug dose 4. Drugs & consciousness

  32. 4. Drugs & consciousness • B. Psychoactive Drugs • 3 types: Depressants, Stimulants, & Hallucinogens • Depressants– • 1. Alcohol • decreases inhibitions – people are more aggressive &/or more loving

  33. 4. Drugs & consciousness • B. Psychoactive Drugs – Depressents • 2. Barbituates (tranquilizers) • 3. Opiates

  34. 4. Drugs & consciousness B. Psychoactive Drugs • Stimulants - drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

  35. 4. Drugs & consciousness • B. Psychoactive Drugs - Stimulants • 1. Amphetamines • 2. Cocaine

  36. 4. Drugs & consciousness

  37. 4. Drugs & consciousness • B. Psychoactive Drugs - Stimulants • 3. Nicotine • 4. Caffeine • 5. Ecstasy – MDMA

  38. 4. Drugs & consciousness B. Psychoactive Drugs • Hallucinogens - psychedelic (mind-manifesting) drugs that distort perceptions & evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input • 1. LSD (acid)

  39. 4. Drugs & consciousness B. Psychoactive Drugs - Hallucinogens • 2. Marijuana

  40. Mouse Party

  41. 4. Drugs & consciousness • Influences on Drug Use • .

  42. Perceived Marijuana Risk

  43. 5. Near- Death Experience • Near-Death Experience

  44. 5. Near- Death Experience • Near-Death Experience • Similar to reports by: • Those who have done hallucinogens and had NDE claimed they are different

  45. 5. Near- Death Experience • Dualism • Monism

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