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1/28 Focus: Kings began to gain more power and centralize power during the high middle ages

1/28 Focus: Kings began to gain more power and centralize power during the high middle ages England was one of the first countries in Europe to develop a strong central monarchy Do Now: What was one characteristic of life in Western Europe during the early Middle Ages?. Middle Ages.

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1/28 Focus: Kings began to gain more power and centralize power during the high middle ages

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  1. 1/28 Focus: • Kings began to gain more power and centralize power during the high middle ages • England was one of the first countries in Europe to develop a strong central monarchy • Do Now: • What was one characteristic of life in Western Europe during the early Middle Ages?

  2. Middle Ages The High Middle Ages

  3. The High Middle Ages • Between 1000 & 1500 Western Europe began to emerge from the Dark Ages

  4. Popes and Kings • During the early middle ages nobles and their knights held a great deal of power • Over time power shifted to kings and the Pope • Powerful kings came into power in England and France

  5. England • Angles and Saxons had invaded England in the 400’s • Divided into separate kingdoms • Each had their own laws and customs

  6. England • England was subject to frequent invasions from Vikings • Alfred the Great • Saxon king • unites England after stopping Viking advances

  7. England • 1066 Alfred’s descendent King Edward dies without an heir • 2 people claim the throne • Harold Godwinson • Son of one of Edward’s advisors • William of Normandy • Normandy was in France • Claimed he had been promised the throne by Godwinson

  8. Battle of Hastings • Conflict breaks over who should be king • William wins the battle and becomes King of England • Harold Godwinson is killed in battle • Shot through the eye with in an arrow

  9. William the Conqueror • William begins to centralize power • Claims all land in England as his property • Gave land to his supporters

  10. William the Conqueror • Domesday Book • A survey of people living in England, what they owned, and how much they could pay in taxes • was used to create an efficient tax system

  11. Closure • Identify one way William the conqueror established control of England. • What was the purpose of the Domesday Book? • Explain how the Magna Carta limited the power of the king?

  12. 1/29 Focus: • The power of kings grew and the nature of the monarchy changed across Europe during the middle ages • In 1215, England instituted the Magna Carta, which placed limits on royal power • Do Now: • What is the importance of the Battle of Hastings?

  13. The Magna Carta • William’s descendants had begun to abuse their power • King John • Had lost most of the English lands in France in a expensive war • Began to raise to taxes on nobles • Nobles were angered by his confiscation of lands and high taxes • Raised an army and forced King John to sign the Magna Carta in 1215

  14. The Magna Carta • Document which limited the power of the king • Means “Great Charter” • Laid the groundwork for “democracy” in Europe • Established the British Parliament

  15. The Magna Carta • Basic principles: • King could not raise taxes without the approval of a council of nobles and clergy • Later became the British Parliament • King could not arrest people without cause or take property without just cause • Habeas Corpus • Had to be convicted by a jury to be sent to jail • The King had to obey the law; was not above the law

  16. France • Was ruled by the Carolingian Dynasty from 843-987 • Charlemagne • Kings after Charlemagne gradually lost power and control of large parts of France to nobles and the English

  17. France • The Capetian Dynasty ruled from 987-1328 • Expanded control of French kings over France • Contributed to a conflict with England known as the 100 Years War

  18. The Holy Roman Empire • Empire grew out of part of Charlemagne’s Empire • Charlemagne had been crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope • Future rulers were crowned by the pope after being chosen by nobles

  19. Power of the Popes • Popes were powerful spiritual leaders but also developed political power during the Middle Ages • Popes claimed authority over rulers • This often led to conflicts between Popes and kings • The investiture controversy

  20. Power of the Popes • Pope Gregory VII tried to expand the political power of the pope • The pope can be judged by no one; • The Roman church has never erred and never will err till the end of time; • The pope alone can depose and restore bishops; • He alone can call general councils and authorize canon law • He can depose emperors; • He can absolve subjects from their allegiance; • All princes should kiss his feet.

  21. Closure • Explain how the Magna Carta limited the power of the king? • What legislative body in Britain developed from the council formed in the Magna Carta?

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