Industrial Revolution: Changing Lives, Economy, and Society
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Presentation Transcript
Chapter 7 Section 1
Focus Question • Where was Napoleon Bonaparte Exiled (both places)?
Dawn of the Industrial Age • Prior to the 1700’s most people lived in small farming villages • Industrial Revolution Changes everything • Started in Britain • Industrial Revolution spread affecting every social class and realm of life. • Before the Revolution • People Made their own living, food, and clothes • Few people traveled outside of their villages • Many people never left a 10 mile radius • Only traveled as far as your feet or horse could carry you. • 1800’s sparked a change in the world and the way people lived their lives
Industry Spreads • By the 1800’s people were experimenting with new inventions and ideas. • Sewing machine • Anesthetic • Metal works • Medications • The industrial countries came to be known as the “west” • The Industrial Revolution was a turning point in world history • changed how people lived, worked, and traveled.
Agriculture Spurs Industry • Agricultural Revolution occurred • Dutch led the Revolution • Invented Dikes (Walls to hold back water) • Used fertilizer • Planted a variety of crops to put minerals back into the soil. • Crop rotation • New Machines were invented to make farming easier • Seed Drill • Metal plow
Enclosures • People begin to enclose their lands • Keep their crops and animals separate from others • Millions of acres were enclosed in Europe • People were able to keep track of their animals • Began branding their animals • Because of new inventions large fields needed fewer workers so the cost was cheaper • Many farm laborers lost their job
The Population explodes • The agricultural revolution brought about an increase in population • Population of Europe grew by 80 million between 1700 and 1800 • Why did the population grow? • Agricultural revolution reduced the risk of famine • Created a surplus of food • People were healthier because of the food • Better hygiene • Better sanitation • Improved medical care
Technology • Technology aided the Industrial Revolution • New Energy sources were discovered • Coal • Steam • Water • Iron improves • Iron became stronger • Less expensive • Steel bridges and buildings were constructed
CHAPTER 7 Section 2
Focus Question • What is crop rotation?
Britain • Britain explode as a power country during the industrial revolution • More food was produced in Britain • Larger/healthier families • Agricultural revolution changed the Nation • Created a larger supply of crops and meat • People move to cities • Supply in population and the unemployed farm hands created a ready supply of labor • Coal mines, factories, industrial jobs
Why Britain • Britain has an abundance of Natural Resources • Coal, iron, tin, oil • Water Sources • Ports, harbors, navigable rivers, canals • Britain's large empire encouraged trade • The increase in population boosted the demand for goods. • Government Supports Economics Growth • Entrepreneurs were people who assumed the risk of investing capitol into a company.
Textile Industry • Cottage Industries (putting out system) • Making Clothes From Home • New Inventions for clothing • Flying shuttle • Spinning jenny • Because so much cloth was needed cotton was in high demand • Cotton Gin was created by Eli Whitney • Cotton Exploded as a cash crop
Factories come about • Cottage industries are short lived • Manufacturers made factories • Placed them on the rivers • Easy to transport goods (steam Engine) • Factories had hazards • Limbs were lost • Women, men and children worked here • Very poor working conditions • The industrial revolution triggered a chain reaction. • Prices fell on goods • More consumers could buy materials
Transportation Revolution • Turnpikes were created • Private roads • Canals were built • Transported good to and from factories to the sea • Ships could move throughout Britain • Steam Locomotives were invented • Rain lines were built • Made transport faster and more efficient • The Industrial Revolution is going to change Europe: Politically, socially, and Economically
Chapter 7 Section 3
Focus Question • What were cottage industries?
Social Impact of the Revolution • Revolution brought wealth to the entrepreneurs of the time • Revolution brought poverty and harsh living conditions to people working in factories • Revolution brought rapid urbanization • Towns formed around factories or mines • Produced pollution and horrible living conditions
New Social Class • Revolution Creates a new middle class • Owned and operated factories • Comfortable lifestyles • Working class • Worked in factories and mines • Lived in harsh conditions • Entrepreneurs benefited most from the revolution they belonged to the middle class • Known as the English Bourgeoisie • Inventors, thinkers, artisans
The “New” Middle Class • You could rise up to achieve middle class status • Had no pity for the poor • Many rose up from lower social statuses • Middle class women did not leave the home. • Cared for children • Did not have servants or help • Lived in nice homes on paved roads • Had a regular supply of water
New Social Class Nobles Middle Class Working Class
Working Class • Their children had to work in factories • Lived in the slums • Lived in Tenements • Didn’t have running water • No sewage systems • Garbage and dead rats rotted in the streets • People lived with rats and flees • Sewage was dumped in the water leading to water contamination • Cholera • Dysentery
Religion • Working class found comfort in religion • Many converted to Methodism • John Wesley • Stressed personal sense of faith • Helped Relieve stress from the horrible working conditions
Harsh factory life • Life for factory workers was a harsh reality • Forced for work long hours and work weeks • 12-16 hours a day • 6-7 days a week • Breathed chemicals and pollution • Damaged lungs • Led to TB • Women were who factories preferred to hire • Easier to control • Would beat them • Only had to pay half the wage of a man
Revolution called for more iron • Miners worked in the dark • Breathing coal dust and toxic fumes • Mines were dangerous • Tunnels collapsing • Flooding • explosions • Children carried the coals out of the tunnels • Children worked in factories and mines • Small hands could reach parts of the machines • Earned less than men and women • Child labor reform called the factory acts were passed in the 1800’s because of child labor • Laws were not enforced • Many children died or were severely injured Miners Children
Chapter 7 Section 4
Focus Question • What did the new social pyramid look like?
New Way of Thinking • Britain creates new ways of life • Laissez Faire Economics- Hands off approach • Government doesn’t become involved • Started by the middle class • Britain created a free market economy
Thomas Malthus was an economist during the Industrial revolution that fought to solve poverty • Thought that the growing population would run out of food • Thought the population would decrease if the living conditions didn’t increase • Didn’t think the working middle class would ever escape poverty. • Like Malthus didn’t have much faith in the middle class. • Opposed government reform for the poor • Thought the poor were lazy and needed to work harder to get out of poverty. Thomas Malthus Ricardo
Society should be the greatest happiness for the greatest number of citizens • All laws should provide more happiness than pain • Thought the government should be involved • People as a whole rather than individuals controel industry • Robert Owen • Utopia is established • When people are good then good things will come Utilitarian's Socialist
Karl Marx • Marx wrote the communist manifesto • Created communism • Marx created two groups • Have’s and have Not's • Proletariat is the working class
Focus Question • What is the Vatican City?
Focus Question • What is Laissez Faire Economics?
