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Black America: Early 20th Century Urban Migration and Civil Rights Initiatives

Black America: Early 20th Century Urban Migration and Civil Rights Initiatives. Exoduster Movement. The Exoduster Movement , beginning in 1877, between 40,000 and 70,000 former slaves departed the South, primarily for Kansas.

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Black America: Early 20th Century Urban Migration and Civil Rights Initiatives

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  1. Black America: Early 20th Century Urban Migration and Civil Rights Initiatives

  2. Exoduster Movement • The Exoduster Movement, beginning in 1877, between 40,000 and 70,000 former slaves departed the South, primarily for Kansas. • Benjamin Singleton was the official leader of the Exoduster Movement. • Originally encouraging his compatriots to acquire land in Tennessee, he found that whites would not sell fruitful land to them.

  3. The Great Migration • Not all African-Americans who left the South did so in pursuit of more rural living. • In fact, an overwhelming majority left for the cities. Although not highly organized like the Exoduster Movement. • The Great Migration drew roughly a million African-Americans from the rural South to the cities in the North between 1915 and 1920

  4. The Great Migration Push Factors • Racial Violence • Rise of the KKK • Lynching • Economic Repression • Share cropping • Tenant Farming • KKK: Boycotts and Intimidation • Political Repression • Jim Crow Laws • Sundown Towns • Environmental Devastation • Volatile Weather of 1915-16 (drought and flood) • Boll Weevil

  5. The Great Migration • Pull Factors • Economic Opportunity? • Political Rights • Unity and Solidarity • Hope • Mystery, Adventure and Myths

  6. The Great Migration Where African-Americans migrated to & why • Primarily Chicago, Detroit and NY • Also: St. Louis, Indianapolis, Philadelphia • Industrial Towns with Booming Industries • Towns With Supportive Networks

  7. The Great Migration What Migrants Brought With Them • Economic Despair • Illiteracy • Political inexperience • Experiences & Memories • Hopes and Dreams • Fear & Despair • Racism & Prejudice • Culture: music, poetry, prose, visual art…

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