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World War I

World War I. Part 2 Slides 56 through 90. One of the most famous American pilots was Eddie Rickenbacker. Rickenbacker was born in Columbus, Ohio

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World War I

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  1. World War I Part 2 Slides 56 through 90

  2. One of the most famous American pilots was Eddie Rickenbacker. • Rickenbacker was born in Columbus, Ohio • In March 1918 Rickenbacker joined the United States Air Service and over the next few months became the leading USA Flying Ace when he recorded 26 victories against German aircraft. • Rickenbacker was awarded the Medal of Honor when he successfully attacked a party of seven aircraft on a photographic mission.

  3. War at Sea Submarines Depth Charges – anti-submarine Battle Cruisers

  4. A Convoy, North Sea, 1918John Lavery • Airships were also used as they were lest costly • Usually to determine enemy movement on the western front • Fighter planes made their use more dangerous.

  5. “It's a sinTo say that Hell is hot ~ 'cause it's not:Mind you, I know very well we're in hell.” from The Mad Soldier by Edward Tennant

  6. Alec de Candole (1897-1918) Alec left college in April 1916 to enlist. He was commissioned in the 4th Wiltshire Regiment and sent to Flanders in April, 1917. He was wounded in October 1917 but returned to Belgium in July 1918. On 4 September the Battalion Diary recorded that Alec de Candole was killed in a bombing raid. Two days before he died he wrote this poem…

  7. When the Last Long Trek is OverWhen the last long trek is over,And the last long trench filled in,I’ll take a boat to Dover,Away from all the din;I’ll take a trip to Mendip,I’ll see the Wiltshire downs,And all my soul I’ll then dipIn peace no trouble drowns.

  8. Dead Germans in a TrenchWilliam Orpen Protection from gas, begun by French, but used most often by Germany

  9. C.R.W. Nevinson - censored • Because Nevinson was so bold as to paint the bodies of two Tommies in front of the barbed wire, this painting was banned from an exhibition in 1918. • Nevinson refused to take it down and covered it with brown paper on which he wrote "Censored". • This gesture earned him a reprimand from the War Office, for it was forbidden either to show reality or to denounce censorship. • Nevinson had only painted what every soldier had seen dozens of times: comrades who had fallen under fire during pointless assaults.

  10. THE SOLDIER If I should die, think only this of me:That there's some corner of a foreign fieldThat is for ever England. There shall beIn that rich earth a richer dust concealed;A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware,Gave, once, her flowers to love, her ways to roam,A body of England's, breathing English air,Washed by the rivers, blest by suns of home.

  11. 49. When a war involves all of a society’s resources what term is used? 50. What did civilians do to contribute to the war effort? 51. Why were newspapers censored? 52. What is propaganda? 53. Why was it used by the government? French soldier at entrance to a trench War on the Home Front

  12. 54. What were the 2 responsibilities of women during World War I? Women and the War

  13. 55. What nation joined the Allied Powers in 1915, after the war had already started? 56. What was the purpose of the German attack on the French fortress of Verdun? 57. How did the German commander describe what they hoped to do to France? 58. Why did neither side win this battle? Battles on the Western Front

  14. 59. Why did the British launch an attack on the Somme? 60. When did this assault begin? 61. What was the result of this battle? World War I mustard gas burns The Battle of the Somme

  15. 62. In what year did this battle occur? 63. What was the result of this battle? 64. THINK: How many years had the war been fought up to this battle? The Third Battle of Ypres

  16. 65. What empire joined the Central Powers in 1914? 66. What important sea passage did the Ottomans control? 67. What two water bodies did this strait connect? 68. Why did the Allies need the Dardanelles? 69. Where did the Allies land to try to take back the Dardanelles? 70. What is this campaign and what was the result? War around the World

  17. 71. What happened during the war which severely weakened the Ottoman Empire? 72. Who did the British send to support the Arabs? Lawrence of Arabia

  18. 73. On what mountain region did the Russians launch an attack in late 1914? 74. To what ethnic group was this the home? 75. What accusation did the Ottomans make against the Armenians? The Armenian Massacre

  19. 76. How many Armenians died from this violence and starvation? 77. What is genocide? Genocide

  20. 78. What other nation had declared war on Germany in 1914? 79. What other countries which were apart of the British Empire also fought in World War I? 80. Why did many colonial people volunteer to help their rulers fight? Other fighting

  21. US Neutrality • Wilson asks Americans to stay neutral “in thought as well as deed.” • US industry gears up to support Allies • British begin blockade of North Sea

  22. Section 4: The War Ends • 81. May 7, 1915, what ship was torpedoed without warning? • Sinks in 18 minutes • Killing 1198 (128 Americans) • 82. Why would Germany attack a passenger liner?

  23. 83. Who was the president of the US? 84. What was his campaign slogan? 85. What was the German policy which allowed them to attack any ship traveling in the waters around Great Britain? 86. What were German submarines called? The United States Enters the War

  24. September 1, 1915 - Berlin • Arabic Pledge • Germany promises not to sink unarmed liners following sinking of British liner Arabic

  25. May 31, 1916 - Berlin • Sussex Pledge • Following sinking of French steamer Sussex, Germany again agrees to "visit and search" rules • Insists that Great Britain should also agree to obey international laws regarding freedom of the seas

  26. 1917 and Zimmerman Note • Germany resumes unlimited submarine warfare • Berlin Confident that U.S. help would be too late, Germany seeks to starve England into submission • Zimmermann note discovered • 87. What did Germany ask Mexico to do in the Zimmerman Note? • 88. What do they promise to Mexico in return for their assistance? • 89. The British intercept message and what does the US do in response?

  27. April 6, 1917 – United States • Declared war and joined the Allied Powers as the American Expeditionary Force • The war ended the following year.

  28. Germany hoped to win the war before the US would be able to mobilize their troops. 90. Why had Russia left the war? 91. Why were the Germans able to move their entire fighting force to the Western front? The End of the Fighting

  29. German Collapse • 92. In what battle did the Allied forces finally stop the German assault? • 93. What heavily fortified line did the Allies break through in October? • 94. What is an armistice? • 95. When was the armistice signed?

  30. 96. what was Woodrow Wilson’s plan for world peace called? 97. Who were the four major Allies who negotiated the peace treaty? 98. Which country was represented by each of the following? A. Vittorio Orlando B. David Lloyd George C. Georges Clemenceau D. Woodrow Wilson A Plan for Peace

  31. 99. About what issue did Wilson and the other diplomats NOT agree? 100. The Treaty forced Germany to limit the size of their ________. 101. They also had to return conquered lands to which two nations? 102. What were “reparations”? 103. What was the purpose of the League of Nations? 104. Which country refused to join the League and why? The Treaty of Versailles

  32. 105. What two countries became French mandates? 106. Which two countries became British mandates? 107. What did the Balfour Declaration establish? Other Treaties Why called “doughboys”?

  33. 108. About how many soldiers were killed in battle? 109. What illness swept the globe in 1918 and about how many people died in this epidemic? 110. About how much did the nations of the world have to spend in fighting this world war? The Costs of the War

  34. Legacy of the First World War • The Kaiser abdicated and left Germany • A power vacuum was created because of the absence of any government • Millions of German workers were killed or seriously injured during the war • Germany became an international pariah (outcast)

  35. Conditions in Germany • Political instability • Economic Depression due to destruction of country and forced peace settlement requiring payment of reparations • Unemployment. Millions of soldiers have returned home to find no jobs available.

  36. Which leads to . . . . . . • Problems 1919-1924 • Anger directed at the government for signing the Treaty of Versailles • Economic problems as all profit is sent directly to the Allies as reparations pay-outs • Rise of extremist groups attempting to wrestle power from the de-stabilised government

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