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joints

Anatomy & Physiology The Skeletal System- Part 4. joints. JOINTS. aka Articulations 2 Functions: Hold Bones Together Allows otherwise rigid skeleton to have some flexibility. Classification of Joints. Functionally Named according to how much movement allowed @ joint. Structurally

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joints

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  1. Anatomy & Physiology The Skeletal System- Part 4 joints

  2. JOINTS • aka Articulations • 2 Functions: • Hold Bones Together • Allows otherwise rigid skeleton to have some flexibility

  3. Classification of Joints • Functionally • Named according to how much movement allowed @ joint • Structurally • Named according to presence of fibrous tissue, cartilage, or a joint cavity separate the articulated bones

  4. Functional Joints • Synarthrosis • Immovable joints • Skull bones • Amphiarthrosis • Slightly movable joints • Symphysis pubis • Diarthrosis • Freely movable joints • Ball & Socket or Hinge Joints

  5. Structural Joints • Fibrous Joints • Bones united by fibrous tissue • Joint connecting distal tibia & fibula • Cartilaginous Joints • Bone ends connected by cartilage • Pubic symphysis • Synovial Joints • Articulating ends of bone separated by joint cavity

  6. 4 Features of Synovial Joints • ArticularCartilage • Hyaline cartilage covers ends of bones • Fibrous ArticularCapsule • Joint surfaces enclosed by capsule of fibrous CT • Capsule lined by synovial membrane • Joint Cavity • Contains synovial fluid • Reinforcing Ligaments • Reinforce fibrous articular capsule

  7. Types of Synovial Joints • PLANE JOINT • Articular surfaces flat • Allow gliding movement (w/out rotation) • Example: intercarpal joints of wrist & ankle

  8. Types of Synovial Joints 2. HINGE JOINT • cylindrical end of bone fits into trough-shaped surface of another bone • Angular movement allowed in 1 plane • Examples: elbow, knee, interphalangeal joints

  9. Types of Synovial Joints 3. PIVOT JOINT • Rounded end of 1 bone fits into sleeve or ring of another bone • allows 1 bone to rotate along its long axis • Example: joint between atlas & dens of axis

  10. Types of Synovial Joints 4.CONDYLOID JOINT • “knuckle-like” • Egg-shaped end of 1 bone fits into oval concavity in another bone • Allows for moving bone to travel side-to-side & back-and-forth but cannot rotate along its long axis • Example: metacarpophalangeal joint

  11. 4. CONDYLOID JOINT

  12. Types of Synovial Joints 5. SADDLE JOINTS • Each articular surface has convex & concave areas • Same movements as condyloid joints • Example: twiddling your thumbs

  13. Types of Synovial Joints 6. BALL & SOCKET JOINTS • Spherical head of 1 bone fits into a round socket formed by 1 or more bones • Allows movement is 3 dimensions(most freely moving of synovial joints)

  14. SPRAINS • Ligaments or tendons reinforcing a joint are damaged by excessive stretching or tearing • Both have poor blood supply so heal slowly

  15. ARTHRITIS • “inflammation of a joint” • General term for >100 different diseases • Most wide-spread, disabling disease in USA • Onset: same symptoms: joint stiffness & swelling • Synovial membrane inflammed thickens  less synovial fluid  increased friction

  16. Rheumatoid Arthritis • Autoimmune disorder • Adult onset or Juvenile onset • Women 3x more often than men • Any synovial joint could be affected, often symmetrical involvement • disfiguring

  17. Rheumatoid Arthritis

  18. Osteoarthritis • Most common form of arthritis • Chronic degenerative condition: “wear-and-tear” • Affects articular cartilage (eventually breaks down)  increased friction  bone spurs develop  restricts movement

  19. Osteoarthritis

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