Lesson 2-1 Earth’s Crust Motion

1. Lesson 2-1 Earth’s Crust Motion Natalie Corona Carina Ordaz Valery Ibarra 12/11/07

2. Stress & Tension • Forces that change the shape size and volume. • Makes rock stretch and thin.

3. Strike-slip fault &Footwall • Type of fault that slips past each other • The lower half of a fault

4. Folds & Earthquakes • Rock bent were earth’s crust is compressed • Stress released and causes disaster

5. Shearing & Fault • Stress that pulls rock opposite directions • A each other break in earths crust were rock slips past

6. Hanging Wall & Fault Block Mountain • A rock that forms a upper half of a fault • Mountains that forms were normal faults up lift a block of rock

7. Plateau & Deformation • Landform that has a less or more level surface and is sea level elevated • A change in shape or volume

8. Compression & Normal Fault • Pushes its self and breaks • Type fault were hanging of wall down by tension in the crust

9. Reverse Fault & Anticline • Type of fault were hanging wall is up • A fold upward in rock made by compression of earths crust

10. Syncline • A fold downward in rock made by compression of earths crust

11. Stress in the Crust • Earthquake is the shaking in trembling that results from movement beneath earths surface • Plates create powerful forces that squeeze or pull the rock in the crust

12. Types of Stress • Three different kinds of stress occur in the crust the stresses are shearing ,tension and compression • Forces that cause some rock become brittle and snap • Stress pushes a mass of rock in two opposite direction is called shearing

13. Type of Stress (Continued) • Shearing causes to change shape • Tension pulls on the crust stretching rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle • Tension is like pulling apart a piece of warm bubble gum • Tension occurs when two plates move apart

14. Types of stress (continued) • Compression squeezes rock until it folds or breaks • Any change of volume or shape is called deformation

15. Kinds of Faults • When enough stress builds up in rock,the rock breaks creating a fault • The rocks on both sides of a fault can move up or down or side ways • Faults usually happen by plat boundaries were the forces of plate movement compress, pull,shears the crust so much that the crust breaks

16. Kinds of faults (continued) • Tension forces in earths crust caused normal fault • When movement occurs along a normal fault • Shearing creates strike-slip faults • Compression forces produce reverse fault

17. Fiction Along Faults • Fiction exists because surfaces are not perfectly smooth • Where friction is high the rocks lock together and do not move • In this case stress builds enough to overcome friction force

18. Mountain Building • Where two plates move away from each other tension forces creates a lot of normal faults • When a block of rock lying in the middle of two normal faults slides downward a valley forms • California Central Valley was made when crust along the western side of the fault block dropped down

19. Mountain Building(continued) • The plate movement causes the plate to fold • Folds are bends in rock that form when compression shortens and thickness part of earths crust • Collisions of two plates can cause compression on folding of the crust

20. Mountain Building (continued) • Some of the worlds largest mountain ranges are Himalayas which is located in Asia and the Alps which is in Europe • Collisions can also lead to earthquakes because folding rock can fracture and produce faults • A fault is a break in earths crust were slabs of rock slip past each other

21. Mountain Building • Geologist use the terms anticline and syncline to describe upward and downward folds in the rock • A fold in rock that bends upward into an arch is an anticline • Anticline and syncline are found on many parts of earths surface where compression forces have folded in the crust

22. Mountain Building (Continued) • One example of an anticline is the black hills of South Dakota over millions of years a variety of process wore down and shaped the rock of this anticline into the black hills • The Illinois basin is a syncline that stretches from the western side of Indiana about 250 kilometers across the state of Illinois

23. Mountain Building{continued} • The basin is filled with soil and rock that have accumulated over millions of years

24. Mountain Building{continued} • The forces that raise mountains can also raise plateaus • Some plateaus form when vertical faults push up a large flat block of rock • Today much of the plateau lies more than 1,500 meters above sea level

25. I learned • In this lesson I learned that their are three types of stress .They are shearing,tension, and compression. • I also learned about Anticline and Syncline. Anticline is like a hill and Syncline is like a ditch. • An other thing I learned is that we have a fault surrounding the whole world.And that there are three different kinds of faults {strike-slip, normal, and reverse

26. Presentation has title, mentions member’s names, and includes a complete date. Topic slides are well thought out, informative, full of details, and demonstrate a deep understanding of the subject. Presentation is very creative, animated, and uses many of the formatting techniques learned in class. Student helped gather the information, cooperated with the formatting, and helped the group stay focused by avoiding off-task behavior. TOTAL: 3 3 20 18 10 10 7 6 40 37 Grade Rubricfor Natalie Corona Science

27. Presentation has title, mentions member’s names, and includes a complete date. Topic slides are well thought out, informative, full of details, and demonstrate a deep understanding of the subject. Presentation is very creative, animated, and uses many of the formatting techniques learned in class. Student helped gather the information, cooperated with the formatting, and helped the group stay focused by avoiding off-task behavior. TOTAL: 3 3 20 18 10 10 7 5 40 36 Grade Rubricfor Carina Ordaz Science

28. Presentation has title, mentions member’s names, and includes a complete date. Topic slides are well thought out, informative, full of details, and demonstrate a deep understanding of the subject. Presentation is very creative, animated, and uses many of the formatting techniques learned in class. Student helped gather the information, cooperated with the formatting, and helped the group stay focused by avoiding off-task behavior. TOTAL: 3 3 20 18 10 10 7 5 40 36 Grade Rubricfor Valery Ibarra Science

29. Excellent use of images to describe your vocabulary words. Great use of formatting. Some details are weak and needed more thought. Some spelling and grammatical errors. Nice job including all of your main ideas and vocabulary words. Teacher Notes Science