1 / 30

The Cold War

The Cold War. Post War Europe . After WWII, world leaders begin discussing plans for postwar The big three=Winston Churchill, FDR later turns to Truman, and Joseph Stalin

booth
Download Presentation

The Cold War

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Cold War

  2. Post War Europe • After WWII, world leaders begin discussing plans for postwar • The big three=Winston Churchill, FDRlater turns to Truman, and Joseph Stalin • Yalta Conference: town in Soviet Union, agreement towards world peacekeeping organization, free elections, governments free from axis control • Stalin doesn’t honor many of the agreements: opposes democracy in Poland, pro-communist government set up • FDR dies Truman, Churchill, and Stalin meet in Potsdam, Germany • Potsdam Conference: divide Germany into 4 zones of occupation (GB, France, US, and SU) Berlin also in 4 zones

  3. Cleaning Up After WWII • Truman looks for ways to prevent future wars • GB, China, SU, US Reps meet and draft plan for UN (United Nations)international organization that works for world peace • Nuremburg Trials: trial of high ranking Nazi leaders (19 Nazi leaders found guilty) • International Military Tribunal: Japanese war crimes (Hideki Tojo) • Israel is known as Jewish homeland-Arab states attack (Palestinians vs. Jews)

  4. YALTA CONFERENCE

  5. Allies to Enemies • After Germany’s defeat, US and Soviet Union return to unfriendly terms • Different economic and political ideas (communism vs. capitalism) • Soviet Union hopes to spread communism • Western allies want: united, demilitarized, independent Germany • Soviets: fears united Germany, creates Communist states in Eastern Europe

  6. Allies to Enemies Cont. • “An Iron Curtain has descended across European Continent” (Churchill). • Cold war used to describe competition for world power • Truman Doctrine: US would use economic aid to help foreign countries fight communismangers Soviet leaders • Marshall Plan: George Marshall sect. of state, economic recovery in Europe (Soviets refuse any money, and stop other countries from accepting $$

  7. Containment • Containment: foreign policy to stop the spread of communism • June 24, 1948: Soviets block all rail and highway traffic between West Germany and Berlin threat of communist takeover • West Berlin (free city) only left with 36 days of foodUS sends supplies to West Berlin • Berlin airlift: operation bringing food and supplies to more than 2 million people • Soviet Union officially lifts blockade on May 12, 1949

  8. Containment Cont. • NATO- defend one another if attacked (US and 9 other nations) • Warsaw Pact: Soviet’s response to NATO (SU, other satellite nations) • 1949- SU explodes their own atomicbombUS increases $$ on defense • Development of more powerful weapons

  9. Life Under Truman • Congress passes the GI Bill of Rights: help for veterans, benefits (affordable homes, business loans, financial aid for college) • End of rationingprices skyrocketing on everyday items • Union workers go on strike for higher pay • Robert Taft ( Ohio Senator)Taft-Hartley Act: closed shops illegal, people must swear they are not communist (Truman thinks too many limits on union)

  10. Election of 1948 • Many Americans questions Truman’s ability due to labor unrest • Formation of Dixiecrats: backed racial segregation and limiting of African American voting rights (Southern Democrats upset w/Truman’s civil rights position) • Truman comes out victorious…..veto of Taft Hartley Act, African American votes, • Creates the Fair Deal: full employment, higher minimum wage, national health insurance

  11. Communism in Asia • Over time Communists gain control of China • Chinese Nationalist Party vs. Chinese Communist • Communist retreat to northwestern China = The Long March (force people to flee to Taiwan) • After warallies divide Korea between Soviet and US (prior belonged to Japan) • Soviets control North, US controls South • US and Soviet troops pull out= political turmoil

  12. Korean War • June 25, 1950: North Korean forces (Soviets) advance across 38th Parallel line dividing Korea • North Korea continues invasion • June 27UN calls on members to support South Korea • US calls in forces (General Douglas MacArthur) to assist Korean troops • MacArthur=commander of UN forces

  13. Korean War Cont. • Sept 15- UN forces attack the North from behind- MacArthurs forces capture Korean capital • SUDDENLY…… • Thousands of Chinese troops cross border to assist N. Korea • MacArthur calls for attacks on China, Truman says no, MacArthur criticizes Truman Truman removes him and makes Americans mad • Fighting is at standstill, Americans frustrated • Dwight. D Eisenhower claims he’ll end Korean Warwins 1952 election • 3 years of fighting, Korea remains divided at 38th parallel

  14. Eisenhower Admin • Personal incomes rise • More middle class families • 1950: approves work on hydrogen bomb (more powerful than atom bomb), then soviets test their hydrogen bomb one year later • Nuclear arms race=underground bomb shelters, duck and cover drills, • 1957: SU launches Sputnik (1st artificial satellite) US responds by creating NASA

  15. Eisenhower Foreign Policy • Instead of containment, massive retaliation (use of nuclear weapons to stop) • US is hesitant to use nuclear weapons • Covert operations: secret actionsCIA becomes extremely powerful • US overthrows Guatemalan president (communism) ….CIA invades (anti communist military then takes over)

  16. Cold War Crisis • Stalin dies…..Nikita Khrushchev takes over • Claims that Capitalism and Communism can co-exist and Stalin committed acts against his people • Soviet satellite nations begin to get excited…hope for new era • US agrees to help Egypt finance new dam(need support for Cold War)…..Nasser Egyptian leader buys arms for SU…US backs out • Nasser decides to issue toll to use Suez Canal….France, GB, and Israel mad = Suez Crisis • SU threatens to crush aggresors, US backs GB….no one attacks

  17. U-2 Incident • May 5, 1960: Khrushchev announces that Soviets had shot down American plane • US claims that plane is missing • Gary Powers (survives) claims he had been on secret mission • BAD RELATIONS

  18. Life in the 50’s • Automation decreases the need for workers • Union membership declines-Red Scare and Union corruption • Sunbelt states of South and West have increased pop: climates, lower taxes • Highway Act: $$ for national system of highwaysmoving to suburbs (smaller towns outside of city) • By 1960- ¼ of entire US pop lives in suburbs

  19. Life in the 50’s cont. • Levittown: planned mass produced housing development (all houses look the same) • Baby boom: increase in the # of babies after WWII • Life focused on families and children: ideal suburban woman =full time mother • Neighbors competing with each other “keeping up with the joneses” (cars, fashion, clothes) • White middle class Americans-strong social networks

  20. 50’s continued • Many people leaving behind poor and non-white residents • Urban renewal program: improves public services and housing • TV=golden years1949 less than a million, by 1953 about 20 million people now have one • I Love Lucy • Some artists begin to criticize the conformity • Young writers (beats) criticize American life through unusal writings and rebellious behavior

  21. Life in the 50’s • Silent generation: young people suffering from conformity and desire to avoid conflictrebel by reading magazines and comics that make fun of the 50’s • Bebop and rock and roll—jazz, Elvis Presley • Rock and roll contributes to juvenile delinquencyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iS0wuN_6wyw

  22. Kennedy’s Administration • 43- youngest person elected to president • New Frontier-cutting taxes to stimulate economy, increase spending on poor, military, space program • Maintained strong military and increased # of nuclear weapons to fight cold war • Cuba: Fidel Castro sets up communist dictatorship with ties to USSR, approves plan to invade Cuba • April 1961: 1500 Cuban exiles wade ashore at Bay of Pigs, 3 days of fighting, 1200 invaders captured and killed , Castro remains in power

  23. Kennedy’s Crisis • Summer of 1961-1000’s of East Germans are leaving=alarming communist officials • Nikita demands removal of all foreign troops from West Berlin (independent) • Aug 13, 1961: workers begin building Berlin Wall (separates east from west)Kennedy sends more troops but neither country wants to go to war • Fall of 1962: US spy planes discover Soviets placing nuclear missiles in Cuba, any missile launched could hit US within minutes • Kennedy demands Nikita to remove missiles, Navy sent to Cuba, armed Soviet ships approach US blockadeUSSR ships turn around =Cuban Missile Crisis • USSR agrees to remove missiles if US does not invade Cuba • Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty: ended testing of nuclear weapons aboveground

  24. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5ZzL9KsyPY

  25. Kennedy Assassination • Nov 22,1963: Kennedy is assassinated • Johnson takes oath onboard Air Force One (same day) • Arrest Lee Harvey Oswaldmoving to another jail (Jack Ruby kills him) • Warren Commission: group of investigators spending months studying evidenceOswald acted alone? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1q91RZko5Gw

  26. Johnson Administration • Helping the poor =highest priority • War on Poverty: series of programs to help poor Americans • Popularity soared because of his success in getting legislation passed • Great Societyestablished Medicare (65+ government health care plan) Medicaid (low incomes) • Communism is a major threat to world peace • Sends more troops to help South Vietnam from Communist North Vietnam

  27. Science and Technology • Johnson sees space race as key part of cold war • May, 1961: Alan Shepard Jr= 1st American launched into space (after USSR) • John Glenn: 1st American to orbit Earth • NASA soon surpasses achievements of Soviets • Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin =first steps on moon

More Related