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The Progressive Movement: Goals, Challenges, and Key Figures in Early 20th Century America

This overview of the Progressive Movement highlights its primary goals, including social welfare, moral improvement, economic reform, and efficiency. It discusses the struggles faced by African Americans under Jim Crow laws and the differing philosophies of notable leaders like Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois. The text also covers women's suffrage, key figures such as Susan B. Anthony and Alice Paul, and the political reforms enacted during this period, including the direct election of senators and the establishment of the 19th Amendment.

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The Progressive Movement: Goals, Challenges, and Key Figures in Early 20th Century America

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  1. What We Will Learn Today: What areas did Progressives think were in need of greatest reform?

  2. Progressivism in the US • 4 Main Goals • Protect Social Welfare • Promote Moral Improvement • Creating Economic Reform • Fostering Efficiency

  3. Lets Start with African Americans • After Reconstruction governments found ways to take rights away • Jim Crow Laws – • Poll Tax – • Grandfather Clause – prior to 1866… • Literacy Tests - Why were these effective?

  4. Discrimination Continued Segregation became a reality. There were Jim Crow railroad cars, jury boxes and bibles, cemeteries, restaurants, parks, beaches, hospitals, etc.

  5. Racial Etiquette • Blacks and Whites never _______ • Blacks had to yield on ______ • Blacks had to remove their ___ • If you didn’t do these things this was the result…

  6. Plessy v Ferguson • 1896 Court Case challenging segregation • Homer Plessy – an AA sat in the White section of a __________ • Supreme Court said that this did not violate the ________ • Created the slogan of “Separate but Equal” What's wrong with this?

  7. Booker T Washington Believed racism would end when AA’s became _________ Founded the Tuskegee Institute – offered _____ Believed it would take T______ Two Different Leaders “No race can prosper till it learns that there is as Much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem.”

  8. WEB DuBois 1st AA to receive a PhD from _______ Disagreed with Booker wanted ______ inclusion into white society Formed the _______ movement Two Different Leaders Do it NOW!!

  9. Ida B Wells Owned a newspaper named Free Speech Focal point of the paper was ________ What is that?? One More Leader…

  10. Now lets take a look at some scenes from America. Notice any problems???

  11. Women Make Progress

  12. How did they solve the problems? • YMCA – goals? • Temperance and Prohibition • WCTU- What did they do? • Muckrakers – exposed problems • The Jungle! – written by ______ • Exposed problems in the ________

  13. Muckrakers • Jacob Riis (How the Other Half Lives) - evils of city life (plus photography) • Upton Sinclair (The Jungle) - meat packing industry • Ida Tarbell (History of the Standard Oil Company) - unethical business practices • Lincoln Steffens (The Shame of Our Cities) - corruption of city governments • Thomas Nast - political cartoonist (Coca-Cola Santa Claus) - went after Boss Tweed

  14. Women Make Gains & Suffer Setbacks Susan B. _________ and Elizabeth Cady Stanton formed the National Women Suffrage Association - NWSA By 1906 only __ states allowed WYOMING UTAH COLORADO IDAHO

  15. What We Will Learn Today: What did Roosevelt think government should do for citizens?

  16. Suffragettes Susan B Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Carrie Catt, Alice Paul NAWSA / NWP Women finally get the right to vote! How did they do this 1st Went to ______ Attempted to _____ Picketing where? 19th Amendment

  17. 19th Amendment provides full suffrage to women in all the states, 1920.

  18. Election Reforms • Initiative (bill organized by the people) • Referendum (vote on the initiative) • Recall (enabled public officials to be removed from office) • 17th Amendment (Direct election of senators) - popular vote vs. appointment by state legislatures What did all of this accomplish?

  19. Reforming Government A direct primary allows voters, rather than party leaders, to select candidates to run for office. The initiative is bill that allows voters to organize a bill Progressives Reform the Political Process In Order to Reform Society Historical significance: increases citizen participation in government. In a referendum, voters vote on a bill The secret ballot prevents party bosses (and anyone else) from knowing how people vote.

  20. Teddy Roosevelt • Who is this guy? • Wealthy upbringing – spent time in ____ & ____ • Eventually came back for politics • Police Commissioner • Assistant Secretary of the Navy • War hero in Spanish-American War

  21. Teddy as President • Teddy comes to power • Elected ____ of NY but some not happy – what do they do? – Whoops! • Used presidency as a “Bully Pulpit” ?

  22. Roosevelt as President

  23. A“Square Deal” for the American People • Busting up Trusts – helped create _____ • Acted as watchdogs just like… • Role during Anthracite Coal Strike… • Passed Mann Elkins Act / Hepburn Act • Regulated ______ • After reading ____ passed the Meat Inspection and Pure Food and Drug Act

  24. Tree Hugging Teddy Bear • John Muir convinced to declare 148 million acres National Parks-more than any other president • Strived for a balance between conservation and business… • Roosevelt never addressed __________ • Booker T vs. WEB DuBois • Booker T invited the White House • DuBois started the _____

  25. Roosevelt didn’t want to serve again so he picked • William Howard Taft – and took a trip to _____ - Roosevelt’s Secretary of War - Never wanted to become _________ - 340 lbs

  26. Progressivism Under Taft-that would hurt! • Against _______ Election slogan • “Vote for Taft this time you can vote for Bryan anytime” Presidency • Angered Progressivist by signing Payne Aldrich Tariff—compromise on tariffs • Angered conservationists – Sec. of Interior did what? • He did break up ____ & get stuck…

  27. Election of 1912 • Roosevelt back from Africa and mad!! • Runs for 3rd Term under _______ • Called Taft “a fathead” with the brain of a Guinea pig” • Taft said Roosevelt was “a dangerous egotist” • Wilson—Democrat offering new ideas – Gov of NJ and President of _____ • Results…

  28. OK Wilson’s Pres now what… • Wilson’s father and grandparents were ____ • Domestic Agenda was called New _______ • Supporting small business – creating opportunities • Underwood Tariff – doing _______ • 16th Amendment – creating _______ income tax • Federal Reserve Act – banks placed under control of the Federal Reserve Board – which means? • Clayton Antitrust Act—didn’t allow what? • FTC—setup as a “Watchdog”

  29. “There’s no chance of progress and reform in an administration in which war plays the principle part” Progressivism Leaves…

  30. Progressivisms Legacy I don't like them... I agree too! Me either... • Political Changes – i______, r_______, r______ • 16th, 17th,18th,19th Amendments – did what? • Economy – All three anti ______ , Federal Reserve Board, FTC • Environmental Impacts – • Racism??

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