The “Old” West and the “New” South

1. The “Old” West and the “New” South Mining Gold Rush in 1848 – Pike’s Peak & Comstock Lode Placer Mining Boomtowns & Ghost towns Immigrants are attracted to the West - opportunity Chinese Exclusion Act 1882– 1st restrictive policy against immigration Value of gold and silver might drop

4. The “Old” West and the “New” South Cattle Profits from the long haul attracts many people New technology Use of railroads becomes popular The term “Cowboy” is used to describe those involved with the cattle frontier Consists of African Americans known as Exodusters

5. The “Old” West and the “New” South Farming Homestead Act of 1862 - Morrill Land-Grant Act Railroads Effect on natural resources Bonanza farms Cycle of debt – low prices & high costs Exodusters Rise of the Populist Movement

6. The “Old” West and the “New” South Homestead Act of 1862 – 160 acres of land 21 years of age and head of family American citizen or immigrant who has applied Ten dollar fee Build a house - live there 6 month per year Farm land for 5 consecutive years *Example – Oklahoma Land Run ca 1893 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ycMhMM2UFs

7. The “Old” West and the “New” South Native Americans Most groups are forced onto reservation Conflicts developed – The Sioux Wars Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, & Custer – Little Big Horn Chief Joseph and the Nez Pierce Ghost Dance Movement – Last resistance – Battle of Wounded Knee Helen Hunt Jackson – “A Century of Dishonor” – Highlights the actions taken against Native Americans Dawes Severalty Act – Effort to break up tribes and force assimilation

8. The “New” South Recovering from the war – push for self-sufficiency Capitalism – Laissez-Faire Industry – Tax cuts Railroads Cheap labor Major cities – Birmingham, Memphis, Richmond Mainly agriculture – poor – profits to the North Poor education Decline in cotton prices Cycle of debt Farmers start to align themselves

9. The “New” South Segregation Redeemers – Democrats who won the support of businesses and supremacists Supported by Supreme Court – Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) – “Separate but Equal” Rise in Jim Crow Laws Ida B. Wells & Booker T. Washington lead resistance and demand an end to economic, political, social, segregation

10. Changes in Agriculture South – over half of white farmers & three-quarters of black farmers were tenant farmers or sharecroppers Farmers became dependent on expensive machinery to compete Global competition drove prices down Money supply was causing deflation Taxes were placed on land but not on income Monopolies kept the prices of manufactured goods high Shortage of credit, liens, debt, foreclosures, poverty

11. The Rise of Populism Populist Platform Increased circulation of money Unlimited minting of silver Supported a progressive income tax – The more you make the more they take Government ownership of communication & railroads Endorsed a 8 hour work day to gain urban support

12. Election of 1892

13. Election of 1896

14. The Rise of Populism Government Legislation Bland-Allison Act 1878 - Government was required to purchase and coin more silver and add it to the money supply Passed by Congress – vetoed by Hayes – Overridden by Congress Sherman Silver Purchase Act 1890 - Increase amount of silver but in small quantities Treasury notes could be exchanged for gold or silver. This caused a depletion in the gold reserves so it was repealed

15. The Rise of Populism Government Legislation Interstate Commerce Act 1886 – Required railroad rates to be “reasonable and just.” Regulated prices of shipping between states Special rates and rebates were illegal Established the Interstate Commerce Commission Sherman Anti-Trust Act 1890 – Curb the power of trusts and monopolies but the enforcement was weak.

17. The Wizard of Oz or Populism Yellow Brick Road---Gold Standard in the countryScarecrow---Farmers (no brains by society's standards, but smarter than given credit for)Cowardly Lion---William Jennings Bryan (not a coward, but a leader, as lions are usually dominant)Tin Man---Industrialization (doesn’t have a heart, but doesn’t hate either)Dorothy’s Slippers---Silver exchange (YES they are red in the movie; this was done to make them stand out. In the original book the slippers were silver. Remember the slippers hold the power until the end, because silver was the exchange. Once back in Kansas they were gone, just as silver was overtaken by the Gold standard.)Dorothy---Level-headed, innocent humansWizard---Politicians (trying to be all things to all people)Winged Monkeys---Plains Indians (Remember the mid-western view of farming, and having to deal with the Indians; they were not bad people but could be swayed by good and evil.)Wicked Witch of the East---Bankers who have nothing for farmersWicked Witch of the West---Nature (water kills and the farmers need water)Good Witch of the North---Northern businesses that could seemingly do everything well, and were educated Munchkins---Little people of society (middle class and below)Emerald City---Washington, D.C.Tornado---The idea of “change”