What is Manifest Destiny?

2. What is Manifest Destiny? • idea that God intended for America to extend from coast to coast (OR, TX, CA) • Oregon fever: missionaries, farmers, and fur trappers poured into the Willamette River Valley • 5,000 Americans by 1846 • 17 deaths per mile along the trail • area claimed by US and Britain

3. What was the significance of the Alamo? • Santa Ana took 6,000 men defeated 200 men at the Alamo • Col. W.B. Travis • “I shall never surrender nor retreat . . . Victory or Death!” • 400 Texans killed after surrendering at Goliad Davy Crockett Jim Bowie Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!

4. What was the outcome of “54º40' or fight? • to avoid war with Mexico and Britain Polk offered border of 49º • Britain already furred the area and had few settlers there • Northern Democrats angry

5. How did the Mexican-American War, 1846 develop? • Polk funded Santa Ana to return and sell out Mexico • Gen. Zachary Taylor (Old Rough and Ready) won at Buena Vista • Gen. Winfield Scott (Old Fuss and Feathers) led campaign along Cortes’ 1619 route • took Mexico City

6. What were the effects of the War? • America grew again by 1/3 • training ground for Civil War generals • ruined relations w/ other American nations “Mexico will poison us.” --Ralph Waldo Emerson “Mexico is to us the forbidden fruit . . . The penalty of eating it would be to subject our institutions to political death.” --John C. Calhoun

7. What does Transcendentalism seem to improve on? • truth comes from God (Over Soul) • emphasis on individual • self-reliance • self-culture • self-discipline

8. What was the Second Great Awakening? • 1800-1830 • re-emphasized personal conversion, especially highly visible “signs” • camp meetings thousands strong • shaking, speaking in tongues, etc. • Charles Finney • ex-lawyer led revivals in Rochester and NYC • anxious bench—sinners sat in front • led to moral reforms • abolition, temperance, education

9. Manifest Destiny of the United States Use textbook pg. #952-953 Label the dates & how did we gain the land (Which treaty?) Write clearly Outline with marker Color in with crayon Label dark black Exclude Alaska & Hawaii

10. 1844 1844 Clay lost NY by 5,000 votes Birney got 16,000 votes there

11. James K. Polk, 1845-1849 • TN slaveholder endorsed by Jackson • Young Hickory • died months after leaving office • Texas • Oregon • lower tariff • independent treasury

12. Settlers, Missionaries, Farmers Mormons Empresarios, Settlers To farm & Convert Native Americans to Christianity Avoid Persecutions To collect land grants Wagons, Horseback & Walking Wagons, Horseback & Walking Wagons, Horseback & Walking Opportunity Freedom Home

13. U.S. victory over Mexico (Mexican American War Feared Native American Attacks U.S. gains California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Colorado and purchases Texas. Created treaties, U.S. violates the treaties, more American settle land

15. William Henry Harrison • ran w/o platform • log cabin/hard cider campaign • inauguration speech 45 minutes in rain • died 30 days after taking office from pneumonia

16. Cotton Gin, 1793 • invented by Eli Whitney • picked seeds out of cotton • made cotton profitable in South • ensured slavery for years to come • 1860 • 400 million+ pounds made annually did work of 50 people!

18. Women’s Suffrage • Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott were not allowed to attend a abolition meeting in London because they were women

19. Abolition • Lucretia Mott and others questioned the morality of slavery • many of them were still racist

20. Temperance • movement against heavy drinking and eventually against all alcohol • partly fueled by anti-immigrant prejudice

21. Cotton is King!! • 1840 cotton = ½ of American exports • 1/5 of British depended on cotton for their living • What would happen in the event of Civil War?

23. $2 billion investment $1,200-1,800 per slave one-crop economy “sold down river” SC, FL, MS, AL, LA = 50% black belt

24. The Abolition Movement • movement at first radical and unpopular • more groups in South than North til 1830s 1808 slave trade banned 1834 attacked Tappan house in NY 1835 Garrison dragged through streets 1837 Rev. Lovejoy killed by mob

25. Frederick Douglas • escaped in 1838 • wrote an account of his slave experience • major figure in making abolition a political issue in the North • Autobiography of Frederick Douglas, 1845

27. U.S. did not want to fight Britain and Mexico at same time. Polk offered 49 parallel Dispute over Mexico’s northern border U.S. gained much of the Southwest U.S. needs direct route to San Diego for mining purposes Set current border between Mexico and U.S.