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Political Leaders and Issues in Modern India and Pakistan

Explore the political history, key figures, and current challenges in India and Pakistan, from Jawarlal Nehru to Manmohan Singh in India, and Ali Jinnah to Nawaz Sharif in Pakistan.

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Political Leaders and Issues in Modern India and Pakistan

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  1. Modern India and Pakistan

  2. India

  3. Border problems

  4. Jawarlal Nehru • 1st Prime Minister of India, 1947-1964. • Advocated Industrialization. • Promoted “Green Revolution”. • Mixed Economy. • Nonaligned Movement

  5. Non-Alignment Movement

  6. India’s “mixed economy” • Mixed Economy: refers to private & govt. ownership • Foreign aid and foreign investment are crucial. • Urban areas have high-tech companies. • Three quarters of the population are farmers living in small villages.

  7. India’s “Green Revolution” • Introducing higher-yielding varieties of seeds in 1965. • Increased use of fertilizers & irrigation. • GOAL make India self-sufficient in food grains.

  8. Indira Gandhi • Nehru’s daughter. • 1st women leader & Prime Minister of India, 1966-1984. • Continues Nehru’s policies. • Faced corruption charges & internal rebellion. • Assassinated in 1984.

  9. Mrs. Gandhi assassinated!

  10. Rajiv Gandhi • Indira’s son. • Prime Minister of India, 1984-1989. • Some reform of economy and government. • Also faced rebellion. • Assassinated in 1991 by suicide bomber while campaigning.

  11. Sonia Maino Gandhi • 1968  Italian Sonia • Maino married Rajiv • 1983  becomes an • Indiancitizen • 1984 is first lady when her husband, Rajiv Gandhi, succeeded his assassinated mother as Prime Minister.

  12. Sonia Gandhi remains Roman Catholic, but follows Hindu and Indian traditions. • With her children, she scattered Rajiv's ashes in the Ganges.

  13. After Rajiv's death Sonia shied away from the spotlight. In 1998, she agreed to start her own career as a “Gandhi” again and became an important political leader.

  14. Sonia's son Rahul and daughter Priyanka have also become politically active.

  15. “The Jewel turns down the crown!” • When her party won in the2004 elections, she was asked to be Prime Minister. • She decided not to accept the position.

  16. Manmohan Singh • May 2004  he held up • a letterfrom India's president authorizing him • toform a newgovernment • asprime minister • India Swears in 13th • Prime Minister and • the first Sikh in the job Current Prime Minister of India

  17. India’s economy today • World’s 3rd largest economy  by GDP • (PPP) • World’s 9thlargest economy  by GDP • (Nominal) • Fast growing economy  one of the fastest growing economies in the world • Foreign investment boosts economy  telecommunication and information technology • Top Business Sectors  small car manufacturing, technology, and Bolywood

  18. Problems in india today • Overpopulation 1 billion & climbing • Hindu-Muslim tensions  India v Pakistan • Gender issues  dowry killings • Caste bias  discrimination against castes • Kashmir dispute and nuclear weapons • Political assassinations

  19. Is the dream gone?

  20. Pakistan

  21. Ali Jinnah • 1st Leader (Governor-General) of independent Pakistan • Dangerous combination • Was not prepared to rule in 1948. • Strong Islamic fundamentalism. • Impoverished. • Pakistan divides in 1972 • W. Pakistan = Pakistan • E. Pakistan = Bangladesh

  22. Division of Pakistan • Pakistan divides in 1972 • W. Pakistan = Pakistan • E. Pakistan = Bangladesh

  23. Benazir Bhutto • First Woman Prime Minister of Pakistan, 1988 • Served two terms 1988-1990 1993 = faced corruption charges 1993-1996 • 2007 Returned to Pakistan to run for re-election but was assassinated

  24. Nawaz Sharif • Nawaz Sharif • Ousted three times. • Struggle between modernizers and fundamentalists. • Overthrown in bloodless military coup

  25. Gen. PervezMusharaff • led bloodless coup d'état • ruled Pakistan as head of state 1999-2001 • ruled Pakistan as president 2001-2008 • Led a secular govt. • Anti-Islamic fundamentalist • U.S. ally in the • “War on Terror.” • resigned in 2008 • facing impeachment

  26. Current Government • Form: Parliamentary Republic • Led by: Asif Ali Zardari • Closest ally is China • Maintains good relationship with Arab & Muslim world • Ally w/U.S. but, strained due to recent mistrust

  27. Current Issues in Pakistan • Economic development semi-industrialized but rapidly developing • Political instability  tribal and religious • Hindu-Muslim tensions w/India • Gender issues  Muslim honor killings • Terrorism relationship w/U.S. strained • The Kashmirland dispute &nuclear weapons

  28. India v. Pakistan: dangerous rivals

  29. 1971 India-Pakistan War

  30. India-Pakistan Nuclear Arms Race

  31. 2002 Nuclear Statistics

  32. Kashmir Crisis

  33. Indian Soldiers Patrol the India-Pakistan Border in Pura, the Winter Capital of the State of Jammu & Kashmir - 1998

  34. Indian Soldiers Near the Pakistani Border - 2001

  35. A Pakistani Ranger at the Indian-Pakistani Joint Border Check Post in Wagha, India - 2001

  36. Kashmiri Militants - 2003

  37. Partners in the “War on Terror?”

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