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The Rise of Dictators and the Outbreak of World War II: A Prelude to Global Conflict

This section explores the rise of authoritarian regimes in the lead-up to World War II, highlighting the roles of key figures like Stalin, Mussolini, and Hitler. It examines how the Soviet Union underwent collectivization under Stalin and the emergence of fascism in Italy. The narrative further delves into Germany's aggressive expansion, the formation of the Axis Powers, and the initial military campaigns leading to war in Europe, highlighting crucial events like the invasion of Poland, the Fall of France, and the Battle of Britain, culminating in the Japanese aggression in Asia and the shift from American isolationism to active involvement.

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The Rise of Dictators and the Outbreak of World War II: A Prelude to Global Conflict

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  1. World War II The Road to War

  2. Section 1- The Rise of Dictators • ? governed by communism • He modernized the Soviet Union’s agriculture through collectivization • What is collectivization? Pg. 568-569

  3. Resistant farmers, Gulags? • Rationing • Stalin was a dominant ruler using purges and terror Pg. 569-570

  4. Italy • Fascism- emphasizes importance of the nation and supreme authority of the leader • Benito Mussolini • Blackshirts? • Hitler and Mussolini both believed expansion of territory would increase national pride Pg. 570

  5. Germany • Adolf Hitler • Nazi Party- National Socialists German Workers’ Party • Great public speaker • 1923 Beer Hall Putsch Pg. 570-571

  6. Mein Kampf? • Nazi Views, Germany’s problems, his plans • Blamed Jewish • Aryan Race • Promised to stabilize the country and restore the empire • Chancellor, 1933 • 1934, Der Fuhrer Pg. 571-572

  7. Hitler facts or fiction? • Homosexual- most likely false • Jewish ancestry- possible but not enough proof • One testicle- most likely true Hitler has only got one ball, Goering has two, but very small; Himmler is very sim'lar, And Goebbels has no balls at all. • Sweet tooth- ate lots of chocolate daily • Vegetarian • Sex Doll • Enjoyed torture videos and the circus

  8. Rebuilding Germany • Violated Versailles Treaty • March 7, 1936 German troops entered the Rhineland (W. Germany) • No reaction from Allies • Germany and Italy became Axis Powers- later joined by Japan Pg. 572-573

  9. Hitler on the Move • Hitler took the Sudetenland, 1938 • By 1940, Germany controlled most of Western Europe “We shall not capitulate... no never. We may be destroyed, but if we are, we shall drag a world with us... a world in flames.” -Hitler- • Britain and France tried appeasement?

  10. “Wonder how long the Honeymoon will last?”

  11. Section 2- Europe Goes to War • March 1939, Czechoslovakia was invaded by Germany • Allies warned Hitler • Hitler (F) signed a 10 yr Nonaggression Pact with Stalin (C) • One week later, Sep 1939, Hitler invaded Poland Pg. 576

  12. Blitzkrieg “lightning war” • April 1940, invaded Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg • Battle of Dunkirk • One of the greatest rescues in the history of warfare • 340,000 soldiers saved Pg. 576-577

  13. France Falls • June 14, 1940 German troops enter France • France adopted collaboration- close cooperation with Germany • The Resistance- ? Pg. 578

  14. Battle of Britain • Luftwaffe? RAF? • Bombs rained on Britain • Berlin bombed in response • The Blitz • Radar “We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender” Churchill Pg. 578-579

  15. Section 3- Japan Builds an Empire • Manchurian incident • Needed land to feed rising population • Manchuria taken over by Japanese military • Renamed Manchukuo which became a puppet state Pg. 581-582

  16. US and Britain opposed this action • Japan refused to end its occupation in Manchuria • Manchuria became a base for further expansion into Asia Pg. 582-583

  17. War Against China • 1937, Japanese resumed invasion of China • Rape of Nanking, 100,000 civilians • General Jiang Jieshi and Mao Zedong united to fight against the Japanese • 1939, war in China reached a stalemate • Sept. 1940, Japan became an Axis Power; the Tripartite Pact Pg. 583-584

  18. Section 4- From Isolationism to War • Neutrality Acts- limited international involvement • Focus on New Deal policies • Many debated the United States role Pg. 585-587

  19. Germany invades Poland US provided Allies with weapons • “all aid short of war” • The America First Committee formed by isolationists, Charles Lindbergh • Lend-Lease Act- authorized the President to aid any nation whose defense was vital to American security,March 1941 Pg. 587-588

  20. Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor • Wanted to halt Japan’s expansion • FDR cut off all oil shipments • US cracked Japanese codes • Tojo Hideki Prime Minister of Japan, wanted war with the US Pg. 588

  21. 6 carriers and 20 ships in Pacific • Dec. 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor attacked, shortly after 7:00 AM • 2400 Americans killed, 1200 wounded in less than 2 hrs • 200 planes destroyed, 18 warships , and only 29 Japanese planes were lost • Dorris “Dorie” Miller • Dec. 8 FDR asked Congress to declare war, Dec 11 Germany and Italy declared war on the US Pg. 588-589

  22. Retaliation • Doolittle Raid- April 18, 1942 • First time to launch bombers off aircraft carrier • Didn’t accomplish much but did boost American moral

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