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Rise of Islam in Arab Empires

Discover the origins of Islam, Muhammad's message, the Five Pillars, and the creation of Arab empires under the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties. Learn about the split within Islam and the influence of different peoples on this rapidly expanding religion.

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Rise of Islam in Arab Empires

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  1. The Rise of Islam World History – Chapter 6 Section 1

  2. Arab Life • Southwest: well-watered valleys. •  Rest of the region: desert and arid plains • Many Arabs were nomads who herded sheep, camels and goats. • Leading each tribe was a sheikh. • Most Arabs were polytheistic.

  3. Muhammad and His Message • Born in Mecca in C.E. 570 • At age 25, married his 40-year-old employer…Khadija. • In C.E. 610, Muhammad had a revelation from God. • Muhammad wrote down the words of his revelation in a book called the Quran.

  4. The Five Pillars of Islam • There is only one God and Muhammad is his prophet. • Muslims must pray 5 times a day facing Mecca. • Muslims observe a daylight fast during the month of Ramadan. • The Muslims give alms or charity to the poor. • All Muslims who are able must undertake the Hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca once in their lives.

  5. Arab Empires Chapter 6 Section 2

  6. Creation of an Arab Empire • Muhammad’s Leadership • Seen as political & religious leader • Death of Muhammad • Left no heirs • What’s the problem? • Abu Bakr • Named 1st caliph • Father in law of Muhammad • Use of jihad (struggle in the way of God) • Defensive war • Unified Arabian peninsula under his leadership and Islam

  7. Creation of an Arab Empire • Conquest • Byzantine lands • Egypt • Northern Africa • Arab Rule • Abu Bakr died w/out successor • Problems again??? • Assassinations • Ali • Son in law of Muhammad • Tolerant of other cultures • Did not force conversion

  8. Two Dynasties • Umayyad Dynasty • Leader: Mu’awiyah • Capital: Damascus • Conquest • Spain • Constantinople • Abassid Dynasty • Leader: Abu al-Abbas • Overthrew Umayyad rule • Capital: Baghdad • Golden Age • Harun al-Rashid

  9. Split in Islam • Conflict between Arabs & Non-Arabs • Non-Arabs resented their lack of privileges • Hussein • Led a revolt against Umayyad dynasty • 72 vs 10,000 • The Split • Shiite Muslims • Accept descendents of Ali as true rulers of Islam • Sunni Muslims – Accept Umayyad rule

  10. People of Islam • Arabs • First to accept Islam • Bedouins • Africans • Egyptians • Morocco • Berbers • Byzantines • Formerly Eastern Orthodox Christian • Turks • Persians

  11. Islam on the Move • Seljuk Turks • Nomadic people from Central Asia • Located in present day Iran • Political leaders of Middle East • Leader – Sultan (holder of power) • Crusades • Muslims vs ___________ • Middle East vs ____________ • Saladin • Sultan of Egypt • Conquered Christian forces

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