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Group Dynamics. Lecture #13. Social Psychology. One of the roots of OB. Social Inhibition. The presence of an audience leads to a decrease in performance Speech class? “Watch me, Mommy!”. Social Facilitation. The presence of an audience leads to an increase in performance
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Group Dynamics • Lecture #13
Social Psychology • One of the roots of OB
Social Inhibition • The presence of an audience leads to a decrease in performance • Speech class? • “Watch me, Mommy!”
Social Facilitation • The presence of an audience leads to an increase in performance • Michael Jordan in a packed stadium
Presence of an Audience • Why does it lead to an increase in performance in some cases, and a decrease in performance in others?
Inhibition = Facilitation? • Both social inhibition and social facilitation are the same phenomenon • The presence of an audience increases the performer’s dominant response
Dominant Responses • For a newly learned, but not yet mastered task, the dominant response is to fail.
Dominant Response • For a well learned task, the dominant response is to perform well.
Importance of “Audience” • The mere presence of others can affect our performance
Pop Quiz! A B
Asch’s Study • Control group: Everyone identified B as the longer line
Asch’s Study • Control group: Everyone identified B as the longer line • Experimental group: Contained stooges!
Cohesiveness • Stick-togetherness • Tight knit group
Why Do People Join Groups? • What makes groups attractive to people?
Social Elements • Group members’ attractiveness
Social Elements • Activities of Groups
Why Do People Join Groups? • Goals or Means to Goals • Young Republicans • United Way
Conditions Influencing COH • Degree of dependency on group • Size of group • Stability of group • Competition
Degree of Dependency on Group • More dependent on group for taking care of needs, more cohesiveness • More needs taken care of by group, more cohesiveness
Size of Group • Everything else being equal, the smaller the group, the more cohesiveness
Stability of Group • Everything else being equal, the greater the stability of the group, the more cohesiveness • Membership • Roles
Competition • INTRA-group competition Competition within a group • INTER-group competition Competition between groups
Intra-group Competition Intra-group competition decreases cohesiveness “Every man for himself”
Inter-Group Competition • Inter-group competition increases cohesiveness • “Us against them”
Effects of Cohesiveness • Absenteeism and Turnover • Internal Group Events • Performance
Absenteeism and Turnover • Greater cohesiveness leads to less absenteeism and turnover
Internal Group Events • Greater cohesiveness leads to group members being better able to resist outside pressure • Dirty Dozen • Substitute Teachers
Performance • Increase performance? • Decrease performance? • Neither!
Performance • Cohesiveness affects relative performance, not absolute performance.
Performance • Greater cohesiveness leads to group members tending to produce at similar levels.