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WELCOME

WELCOME. Acknowledgement

Gabriel
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WELCOME

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  1. WELCOME

  2. Acknowledgement Any survey work is impossible with out any support of expert and professional and that study is not an exception. Therefore First of all I would like to express my deep sense indebted to Dr. MeenakshiSrivastava. Head of the department of zoology university of Lucknow. This able guidance encouragement and timely suggestion provided me incentive to work on the problem assigned to me. Thanks are more than due to Dr.NirupmaAgarwal professor of zoology department for providing the necessary facilities in the department. I am highly thankful to Dr.A.M.Sexenaprofessor of zoology department. Finally, I am especially indebted to Dr. AmitaKanuajialecturer of zoology department who have not only blessed me but also remained a tower of strength for inspiration and encouragement. Reena Devi 808024 M.sc.final(zoology) University of Lucknow

  3. Projecton protozoa classification Levine et al (1980)

  4. Protozoa classification (Levine et al (1980) ). Life cycle of different protozoan parasites. Contents

  5. Gereral characters- These are microscopic, animalcule but few are visible to the unaided eyes. Spherical , amoeboid ,ovoid ,spindle, cup shaped. Body is a cellular. Free living. Protoplasm, differentiated into ectoplasm, endoplasm. Nutrition may be holozoic (animal like), halophytic(plant like),saprophytic. Locomotion by pseudopodia(rhiopoda),flagella(mastigophora), cilia(ciliata). 8. protozoans two type of nuclei(macronucleus)and nucleus(dimorphic). Phylum- protozoagr..protos=first,zoon=animal

  6. SARCOMASTIGOPHORA LABYRINTHOMORPHA APICOMPLEXA MICROSPORA ASCETOSPORA MYXOZOA CILIOPHORA * Protozoa

  7. SUBPHYLUM MASTIGOPHORA OPALINATA SARCODINA SARCOMASTIGOPHORA

  8. C L PHYTOMASTIGOPHORA A O- EUGLENIDA Ex- Euglena So-DINOFLAGELLIDA Ex- Noctiluca S ZOOMASTIGOPHORA o-KINETOPLASTIDA Ex-Trypanosoma, Leishmania o-DIPLOMONADIDA Ex-Giardia o-TRICHOMONADIDA Ex- Trichomonas MASTIGOPHORA

  9. OPALINATA class-OPALINATEA Order-OPALINIDA e.gOPLINA

  10. SUPERCLASS –Rhizopoda C Lobosea L s u A b Gymnamoebia o-Amoebeda Ex-Amoeba S c l Arcellinida Ex-Arcella S a s s Granuloreticulasea o-ForamanifridaEx-Polystomella(Elphidium) SARCODINA

  11. CLASS SPOROZOEA Gregarina s.O-Gregarinida Ex-Monocystis, Gregarina C. Coccidia o-Eococcidida Ex- Plasmodium, Eimeria APICOMPLEXA

  12. CLASS KINETOFRAGMINOPHOREA S.C.-VESTIBULIFEREA o-TRICHOSTOMATIDA Ex-Balantidium S.C.-SUCTORIA o-SUCTORIDA Ex- Ephelota POLYMENOPHORA S.C - SPIROTRICHIA o- HETEROTRICHIDA Ex- Stentor , Nyctotherus OLIGOMENOPHORA S.C.-HYMENOSTOMATIA O-HYMENOSTOMATIDIA EX- Paramecium S.C PERITRICHIA o-PERITRICHIDA Ex- Vorticella CILIOPHORA

  13. Simple nucleus. • Locomotion through Flagella, Pseudopodia. • Reproduction through Syngamy SARCOMASTIGOPHORA

  14. Commonly called flagellate. • Locomotion through flagellum. • Body covered with pellicle. • Nutrition may be Holophytic, Saprozoic, Holozoic. S.P-Mastigophora

  15. Presence of Chromatophore. • Nutrition may be Holophytic or Mixiotrophic. • Paramylon is reserve food. • Reproduction take place by longitudinal binary fission. Class. Phytomastiphora

  16. Body covered with Pellicle. • One or two flagella. • Nutrition holophytic or saprozoic. • Reproduction by longitudinal binary fission. e.g. Euglena. Order Euglenida

  17. Absence of Chromatophores. • Two or more flagella. • Holozoic or saprozoic nutrition. • Reproduction through binary fission. Class Zoomastigophora

  18. Mostly parasitic. • Nutrition holozoic or saprozoic. • Reprodution by binary fissioin. • Mostly pathogenic (disease causing in man and domestic animal). e.g. Trypanosoma. Order- kinetoplastida

  19. Body covered with cilia. • Monomorphic nuclei are present. • Reproduction by symmetogenic. • Endoparasite in large intestine of frog. e.g. Opalina. Subphylum-Opalinata

  20. Locomotion and feeding by pseudopodia. • Body is amoeboid. • Single nucleus. • Nutrition is holozoic, Saprozoic. • Reproduction by binary fission. Sub-phylum Sarcodina

  21. Body is amoeboid. • Naked without Skelton. • Test or shell absent. e.g. Amoeba. Oreder-Amoebida

  22. Body enclosed in one chambered shell. • Lobose pseudopodia. • Fresh water forms. e.g. Arcella. Order-Arcellinida

  23. Apical complex. • Consisting of polar ring, rhoptries, micronemes, conoid. • Cilia absent. • Reproduction by syngamy. Phylum-Apicomplexa

  24. Mature trophozoites large and extra cellular. • Reproduction by sexual with sporogony. • Spore contains eight sporozoites. e.g. Monocystis. Order-Gregarinida

  25. Trophozoite is intracellular. • Parasite of vertebrates, insect, worms. e.g. Plasmodium, Eimeria. Order-Eococcidida

  26. Spores are unicellular. • Intra cellular in arthropods and vertebrates. e.g. Nosemabombycis, causedPebrinedisease in silkworm larvae. Order-Microsporida

  27. Simple and compound cilia. • Two types of nuclei. • Reproduction by conjugation,Autogamy, Cytogamy. e.g. Paramecium, Balantidium Phylum-Ciliophora

  28. LIFE CYCLEsOF DIFFERENT PROTOZOAN PARASITES

  29. Euglena

  30. noctiluca

  31. leishmania

  32. giardia

  33. trichomonas

  34. amoeba

  35. polystomella

  36. monocystis

  37. plasmodium

  38. nosema

  39. balantidium

  40. Phylum Protozoa Mastigophora Sacrodina Ciliata Opalinate eg-opalina Sporozoa Classification (1965) BY -John and bovee

  41. PHYTOMASTIGOPHOREAZOOMASTIGOPHOREA 1-CHRYSOMONADIDA 1-CHAONOFLAGELLIDA Eg-Chrysamaedaeg- Proterospongia 2-CRYPTOMONADIDA 2-RHIZOMASTIGIDA Eg-Cryptomonaseg-Mastigamoeba 3-DINOFLAGELLIDA 3-KINETOPLASTIDA Eg-Ceratium ,Noctilucaeg-Leishmania 4-EUGLENIDA 4-DIPLOMONADIDA Eg-Euglenaeg- Giardia 5- VOLVOCIDA 5-TRICHOMONADIDA Eg-VolvoxPandorina 6- HYPERMASTIGIDA 6- CHLOROMONADIDA eg- Trichonympha Eg-Vacuolaria Super class 1- Mastigophora

  42. classes HYDRAULEA AUTOTRACTEA 1-AMOEBIDA 1-PROTEOMYXIDA Eg- Amoeba, eg-Pseudospora Entamoeba 2-HELIOZODA 2-ARCELLINIDA eg-Actinophrys Eg-Arcella,difflugia 3-RADIOLARIDA 3-MYCETOZOIDA eg-Thalassicola Eg-Badhamia 4-FORAMANIFERIDA eg-Elphidium Super class 3- Sarcodina(Gr..sarcos=fleshy, podos=foot)

  43. TELOSPOREA CNIDOSPOREA ACNIDOSPOREA 1-MYXOSPORIDA 1-TOXOPLASMIDA 1-GREGARINIDIA eg-Myxobolus eg-Toxoplsma Eg-Monocystis Myxidium GREGARINA 2- COCCIDIA 2-MICROSPORIDA 2-HAPLOSPORIDA Eg-Eimeria eg-Nosemaeg-Haplasporidium Isopora Ictrhyosporidium 3-HAEMOSPORIDIA Eg-Plasmodium SUPER CLASS 4- (SPOROZOA)

  44. HOLOTRICHEA PERITRICHEASUCTOREASPIROTRICHEA 1-GYMNOSTOMATIDA 1-PERITRICHIDA 1-SUCTORIDA 1-HETEROTRICHIDA EgProrodon eg-Vorticellaeg-Ephelotaeg Nyctotherus 2-TRICHOSTOMATIDA Podophrya 2-OLIGOTRICHIDA Eg-Balantidiumeg-Strombidium 3-CHONOTRICHIDA 3-HYPOTRICHIDA Eg-Spirochona eg-Stylonychia 4-ASTOMATIDA Eg-Anoplophyra 5-HYMENSTOMATIDA Eg-Paramoecium Superclass -5- (ciliate)

  45. 1-SARCOMASTIGOPHORA 2- APICOMPLEXA 3-MICROSPHORA NOT4- ASCETOSPORA CONSIDERED 5- MYXOZOA 6- CILIOPHORA (e.g-Balantidium, Nyctotherus) Protozoa(1980)

  46. MASTIGOPHORAOPALINATE SARCODINA CLASS (AMOEBAE) ZOOMASTIGOPHORA ORDER KINETOPLASTIDA RETORTAMONADIDA DIPLOMONADIDA TRICHOMONADIDA eg- Chilomastix, eg- Giardiaeg-Trichomonas, S.ORetortamonasDientamoeba . TRYPANOSOMATINA Eg.– Trypanosoma, Leishmania part-1-Sarcomastigophora RHIZOPODA Eg,-Entamoeba, Naegleria

  47. class Sporozoea eg-Monocystiseg-Isopora, eg-Babesia, Toxoplasma,Theileria Plasmodium. Part – 2 - Apicomplexa 1. 2. 3 GREGARINIA COCCIDIA PIROPLASMIA

  48. Levine et al (1980). J.D.Smith. K.K.Tripathi. Reference

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